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Abbazie**** |
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| Medio Oriente |
| Syria |
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| Aleppo Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Aleppo national museum Aleppo national museum Arch.Haytham Hasan Aleppo is one of the most interesting cities in the Middle East. The old centre, the citadel and the Jdeide quarter are main sights. The old town is one big maze of streets, but luckily the parts around it are a bit more organized. Baron street is one major axis of town. At the crossing with al Kouwatly street you will find hotels, travel agencies, transport company offices, as well as some restaurants and food shops and cool fruit juice bars. A left turn from the Baron street into the al Kouwatly street brings you to a wide esplanade recently planted out as public gardens, dominated by the Post Office and bordered on the north by a public park. The river Quweiq flows through it and it is famous for its floral displays. (It is dry today because Turkey stopped its flow years ago). In the other direction the al Kouwatly street crosses the al Gassaniyn street (sometimes called the Tilal street), one of the busiest streets in Aleppo. On the right, it widens to form a square, the Bab al Faraj, whose clock-tower has served at least as a landmark and from here, one can easily reach either the old city or the museum. The al Gassaniyn to the left skirts the Jdeideh, "old houses" quarter, with its marvelously decorated courtyards. St. George's Cathedral stands behind a labyrinth of narrow streets on a tiny square where there are several antique shops. Once in the center. the citadel is your main point of reference. There is a circular road around the foot of the Citadel. To the south, wide avenues give access to some interesting madrassas and mosques on the way to Bab al Makkam, a working district where there are many warehouses. To the north of the Citadel the street al Kawakbi crosses the eastern end of the street al Kouwatly near the picturesque souk of the coppersmiths. _________Sights Edit This Display all or display just: City Gates Historic Buildings Museums Religious Buildings Show best rated on top | Show in alphabetical order [Add Sight] The Citadel Edit This Abraham is said to have camped on this hill and milked his red cow there on his journey from Ura to Hauran. But from even earlier the remains of more ancient civilizations have raised the level of this acropolis beneath which so many bloody events have taken place. Fifty meters above the city a ring of crenellated walls and towers rises from a steep glacis, encircling a mass of ruins of every period. On the north and south sides great moat, some 20 meters deep and 30meters wide emphasize the proud isolation of the whole fortress. This impression has been rather spoiled by more.. type: Historic Buildings World66 rating: [rate it] The Great Mosque Edit This The Great Mosque was founded in the early Islamic period but there is little to see that dates from that time. Its somewhat heavy style shows it to be mainly Mamluk, but its beautiful minaret, which rises straight from the street, dates from 1090 and is with its fine proportions and Kufic inscriptions a good example of the great period of Islamic architecture in Syria. The north facade of the Great Mosque forms one side of the square crowded with hawkers and peddlers. type: Religious Buildings World66 rating: [rate it] The Archaeological Museum Edit This Great museum with artefacts from Hittite, Greek and Roman times. type: Museums World66 rating: [rate it] al Fardaws Madrassa Edit This The school of Paradise is one of the loveliest and most moving religious buildings in Aleppo. A dark twisting passageway brings us to a light and beautifully proportioned courtyard. It is a wonderfully peaceful spot; all harmony, sobriety and purity. The high pointed arches are supported on small columns with palm-leaf capitals. There is a great iwan on the north side. The sky is reflected in a pool in the center. In a double domed chamber Mamluks lie buried under the floor in unmarked graves. The bustle of the city seems miles away... type: Religious Buildings World66 rating: [rate it] Sights:Castles & Forts Edit This type: Historic Buildings World66 rating: [rate it] Bab Antakia Edit This The Antioch Gate leada directly into the central axis through the souks; the street behind it is covered by vaulted roof for most of its 800 meters and brings us out as the foot of the mound on which the Citadel stands. Bab Antakia can be reached by going through an archway on the northwest corner of the ramparts and taking the first narrow street to the right. This leads up to the rampark walk, lined today with houses; there is a good view down onto the crowded esplanade. type: City Gates World66 rating: [rate it] el Atroush Mosque Edit This Facing away from the Citadel and the Seraglio stands a fine octagonal minaret, which is part of the al Atroush (or Otrouch) mosque which dates from the 15th century. Its courtyard is reminiscent of a church cloister, with trees - figs, olives and pines - and a scattering of graves. type: Religious Buildings World66 rating: [rate it] Khan al Joumrok Edit This One hundred meters further on, a short passage (on the right hand side of the main souk which is called at this point al Sakatiah) leads to the largest khan in the old city: the al Joumrok (or Gomrok) khan , literally the "customs caravansary". It dates from the 17th century. French, English and Dutch merchants traded here and their consuls were obliged to live here. Two windows have attractively carved string courses. Unfortunately, as in most of these warehouses, secondary buildings in quite unsuitable materials, as well as heaps of wrappings and rubbish, spoil the general more.. type: Historic Buildings World66 rating: [rate it] Royal Palace Edit This Dating back to the 13th-century, the royal palace is anothe rmajor sight. With its fine stalactite and honeycomb entrance porch, inlaid with white marble. The throne room, dating from the Mamluk period (15th - 16th centuries) has been most tastefully restored. Syrian artists and craftsmen have here recreated the luxurious setting of the court: the ceiling with its decorated beams and caissons, the lighting, the windows, the polychrome columns - all are a tribute to their skill. It also illustrates the way the Department of Museums and Antiquities are going about their vast task more.. type: Historic Buildings World66 rating: [rate it] El Jedeide Edit This We now come the Jedeide, which is full of historic houses. The quarter is bounded by the street al Gassaniyin on the west and the al Kouwatly on the south. All the houses here are built of fine limestone, lining narrow streets with no shops and sometime vaulted. They are all most beautifully kept by their owners. A guide is useful here to point out the courtyards which are completely invisible from the street. Little anonymous doorway lead into courts whose general style and decoration exemplifies the Epicurean tastes of the bourgeois of Aleppo in the 16th and 17th centuries. more.. type: Historic Buildings World66 rating: [rate it] Bab Qinnesrin Edit This The most impressive of all the fortified gates: Bab Qinnesrin. From here a long narrow street brings you to the central part of the covered souks and to the Great Mosque. South of Bab Qinnesrin, half-hidden by an expanse of cemeteries, lies the beautiful madrassat al Fardos. type: City Gates World66 rating: [rate it] the al Bharamyah Mosque Edit This type: Religious Buildings World66 rating: [rate it] al Nahasian khan Edit This Littered with bales and shaded by some scrawny trees in the center this khan is occupied by shoemakers. In a corner a staircase leads up to a private house which was the Venetian consulate from the 15th to the 19th century when it became the residence of the Belgian consul. The present owner, rarely refuses to show visitors this typically Venetian house, in which many generations of men of taste have built up a priceless collection of works of art from every country between China and Egypt- yet another sign of Aleppo's transcontinental role. type: Historic Buildings World66 rating: [rate it] Charafyah Madrassa Edit This On the square, to the right on leaving the mosque, a two-colored gateway with a honeycomb vault and heavily studded doors beneath, leads into the ancient al Charafyah Madrassa which used to be a library. Unfortunately its lovely decorated windows are half-hidden by ugly accretions, which it would be fairly easy to remove. type: Religious Buildings World66 rating: [rate it] St. George Cathedral Edit This type: Religious Buildings World66 rating: [rate it] Nassiri Hamam Edit This The 14th century al Nassiri Hammam is functional again and open to tourists. Nigel Rowe: This hammam must be one of the most splendid in the Middle East. It looks fabulous inside after being renovated in the 1980s. The staff are used to tourists so it is a good place to experience your first hammam. It is not particularly cheap so few local people can afford to use it but for those with the money it is highly recommended. type: Historic Buildings World66 rating: [rate it] Bab el Makkam Edit This The street Bab al Makkam, lined with warehouses and enclosures containing sheep and even dromedaries, leads to an open-air morning market near the ancient town gate or Bab. type: City Gates World66 rating: [rate it] Popular art and traditions Edit This Almost opposite the al Wazir khan a little doorway leads into the Museum of Popular Art and Traditions , installed in the 18th century Ageckbash palace. The side rooms are furnished with decorated chests, sofas and chairs inlaid with pearl-shell, ebony and ivory. There are many mirrors, lamps, samovars and other objects in 19th century Ottoman taste. The displays in the glass cases are more interesting: blue and brownish glassware, ewers, plates and dishes of steel or damascened bronze, finely-chased silver. There is jewelry too. type: Museums World66 rating: [rate it] |
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GNU Free Documentation License Esso utilizza materiale tratto da http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleppo Cronologia/Autori: http://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aleppo&action=history AleppoDa Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.
La cittadella
La città vecchia vista dalla cittadella
Aleppo (in Arabo: حلب, Ḥalab) è una città della Siria settentrionale. Secondo il censimento ufficiale della popolazione del (1994), Aleppo è la città più popolosa della Siria, con 1.582.930 abitanti, superando di poco la capitale del paese, Damasco, abitata da 1.394.322 persone. Aleppo è chiamata anche città grigia (al-Shahabā), a causa del colore della pietra locale con le quale sono ricoperti gli edifici della città. È una delle più antiche città della regione, conosciuta nell'antichità come Khalpe e come Beroea ai Greci, ed occupa una posizione strategica a metà strada tra il mare e l'Eufrate; inizialmente era costruita su un piccolo gruppo di colline, in una vallata ampia e fertile, su entrambe le rive del fiume Quweyq. La sua provincia si estende attorno alla città per oltre 16.000 km² e conta circa 3,7 milioni di abitanti.
[modifica] StoriaÈ stata abitata fin dal 3000 a.C., forse a causa della sua posizione strategica e facilmente difendibile. Mille anni dopo era capitale dell'impero degli Yamachad, popolo di origine semitica, che aveva abitato Palmira (grande oasi, nella storia è diventata un gioiello artistico e una città strategica, chiave di volta dei conflitti romano- persiani) fin dal 3000 a.C. che fondarono l'impero mesopotamico, il loro maggiore re fu Hammurabi. Divenne "vassallo" del potere faraonico. Distrutta dai pirati fu poi conquistata dal re assiro Tiglat-Pilesar III e divenne una città-Stato assira nel 753, fino al 724 a.C. Dominata poi dai Medi fino al 539 a.C.(conquista da parte di Ciro II di Persia e da Alessandro Magno. Successivamente fu ricostruita secondo i criteri greci, ebbe un periodo florido che sopravvisse alla conquista romana (69 a.C.) e nel 636 fu conquistata dall'comandante musulmano Khālid b. al-Walīd. Divenne un importante centro musulmano ma perse importanza rispetto a Damasco, la capitale, ma nel 945 divenne residenza della dinastia sciita hamdanide, capitale del governatorato nord siriano, sotto la dinastia abbaside di Baghdad. Conquistata dai crociati nel 1124 e, successivamente riconquistata dal leggendario condottiero Saladino. Il figlio di Saladino, al-Ẓāhir Ghāzī, portò la città all'apice dell'importanza, ma fu conquistata dai Mongoli nel 1260. La città recuperò la sua importanza strategica e commerciale solo nel 1400, con l'Impero Ottomano e la mantiene tuttora. Dopo lo smembramento dell'impero turco Aleppo condivise gli eventi storici del resto della Siria.
[modifica] GeografiaSi trova in una conca fra le montagne e il suo clima non è sempre particolarmente favorevole.
[modifica] AttrattivePresenta moltissimi siti archeologici e moschee storiche. Vi hanno lasciato il segno molte civiltà, soprattutto quella islamica e quella romana. I sūq di Aleppo sono tra i più antichi ed estesi del Vicino Oriente.
[modifica] La Cittadella (al-Qalʿa)La cittadella di Aleppo è il monumento più conosciuto della città, situato su una collina alta una cinquantina di metri ed è dotata di una pianta ellittica con 300-400 metri di diametro. Il nucleo principale della cittadella attuale è una fortezza arabo-islamica medievale costruita ad uso militare ma in grado di ospitare oltre 10.000 persone durante gli assedi. I più antichi reperti reperti trovati all'interno della cittadella risalgono fin dai primi insediamenti nella città (3000 a.C.) Durante il dominio macedone (le terre conquistate da Alessandro Magno) fu costruita l'acropoli e la residenza del governatore, nel 945 fu trasformata in un palazzo dalla dinastia degli Hamdanidi.
[modifica] Cultura e ReligioneAleppo ospita una delle popolazioni più variegate del Vicino Oriente che include arabi, curdi, armeni, circassi e turchi. La maggioranza della popolazione è di fede musulmana sunnita, mentre oltre 300.000 cristiani appartenenti ad una decina di confessioni fanno di Aleppo la terza maggiore città cristiana del mondo arabo dopo Il Cairo e Beirut. Nella seconda metà del XX secolo la comunità ebraica di Aleppo si è drasticamente ridimensionata a causa di diverse ondate migratorie causate da fattori politici (il conflitto arabo-israeliano) ed economici, mentre diverse migliaia di drusi, alawiti e ismailiti delle province circostanti si è stabilita in città.
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