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http://www.imondonauti.it/index.php?idcon=3&idpae=158&idpar=0 Yemen (nessun voto) Autori: www.iMondonauti.it Foto: Michele Falzone Aggiornamenti di: Gabri Cri ultimo aggiornamento: 23/2/2011 © Michele Falzone / iMondonauti.it La magnifica architettura della città vecchia di Sana'a www.michelefalzone.net Perchè un viaggio nello Yemen? Intendiamoci bene, un viaggio nello Yemen non è un viaggio facile anche se le suggestioni della regina di Saba, dell'antica Arabia felix, della mitica Via dell'incenso possono per un momento farlo dimenticare. Eppure lo Yemen non delude anzi, a detta di moltissimi viaggiatori, di quelli per intenderci che hanno già visto tutto, è un Paese stupendo, capace di affascinare anche il turista più smaliziato. Ecco la splendida San'a, i grattacieli di terra di Shibam, le misteriose donne sempre velate, la straordinaria amicizia e gentilezza della gente. E allora, perché non un viaggio nello Yemen? Notizie pratiche su cosa vedere: Itinerari consigliati e raccontati Socotra, un viaggio indimenticabile racconta il tuo itinerario in questo Paese Burocrazia e sanità in breve Visto Turistico Obbligatorio Passaporto Necessario, con validità di almeno 6 mesi dalla data di partenza Vaccino Febbre Gialla Non necessaria Profilassi Antimalarica Consigliata Vaccino Epatite A Consigliato Vaccino Epatite B Consigliato Vaccino Antitifico Consigliato Burocrazia e visti Per l'ingresso nello Yemen è richiesto il passaporto con validità non inferiore a 6 mesi dalla data di partenza con almeno 2 pagine affiancate libere e non recante il visto per Israele. Il visto d'ingresso è obbligatorio, viene rilasciato in circa 3 gg. lavorativi e dev'essere utilizzato entro 2 mesi dal rilascio, ha la durata di 1 mese e costa 50 euro. . La domanda, corredata di 2 foto e da fotocopia del biglietto aereo, dev'essere presentata all'Ambasciata yemenita in Italia (Via Bosio 10, Roma, tel. 0644231679, lun.-ven. ore 9-12). Si consiglia di seguire tale prassi in quanto le domande di visto richieste al momento dell'arrivo in aeroporto (costo 50 USD) non sono sempre accolte e c'è il concreto rischio che vi venga negato l'ingresso con conseguente necessità di reimbarcarvi con il primo volo in partenza. Infatti, il rilascio del visto e' un atto discrezionale delle Autorità del Paese e l'Ambasciata d'Italia a Sana'a non ha la possibilità d'intervento in caso di diniego una volta giunti in aeroporto. Vaccinazioni Nessuna vaccinazione è obbligatoria per il turista italiano che intenda recarsi nello Yemen. Vaccinazioni consigliate sono quelle contro il tifo, l'epatite A e l'epatite B (5-20% di portatori del virus HBV), la difterite, il tetano, la poliomelite e il morbillo. Il rischio di malaria, principalmente nella forma maligna da Plasmodium falciparum, esiste tutto l'anno e soprattutto da settembre a febbraio in tutto lo Yemen (Socotra compresa) ad eccezione di Aden e del perimetro aeroportuale. E' segnalata resistenza alla clorochina. Ora I turisti italiani devono mettere avanti di 2 ore l'orologio al momento del loro arrivo in Yemen (quando in Italia sono le 12 nello Yemen sono le 14). In estate, quando in Italia è in vigore l'ora legale, la differenza è di 1 h. (quando in Italia sono le 12 nello Yemen sono le 13). Quando andare Non c'è una stagione ideale per visitare lo Yemen poiché le condizioni climatiche variano da regione a regione. Le zone costiere sono sempre torride mentre nell'Hadramaut l'inverno ha temperature più gradevoli e aria secca. Da maggio a luglio è caldo e secco ovunque, il cielo è sempre terso. A San'a e in montagna dalla fine di novembre a gennaio la notte gela e fa molto freddo. La stagione delle piogge (marzo-aprile e agosto-settembre) offre temperature tra i 20° e i 30° C sugli altopiani ma spesso le strade diventano impercorribili a causa del fango. Quanto stare 15 giorni sono il periodo minimo per un viaggio che consenta di ammortizzare i costi del volo e di vedere la maggior parte delle città storiche del Paese. Tre settimane rappresentano un'ottima alternativa per il viaggiatore che voglia vedere tutti i luoghi più importanti e per girovagare tra le montagne. D'altro canto è bene tener presente che i ritmi serrati non si addicono al Paese né spesso sono fattibili. Da mettere in valigia L'abbigliamento consigliato è in cotone con qualche capo più caldo per la sera. In inverno sono necessari vestiti più pesanti. Al fine di evitare situazioni imbarazzanti sia per gli abitanti del posto che per i turisti ospiti è bene che le donne adottino capi sobri, non scollati né attillati. Cappello e occhiali da sole, scarpe comode. Farmacia da viaggio, una pila elettrica e un adattatore/riduttore. Elettricità Molte volte, soprattutto la notte, la corrente può mancare improvvisamente per cui è buona norma portare una pila elettrica; possono essere utili anche degli adattatori/riduttori. É da tenere presente che gli adattatori non modificano in alcun modo la tensione o la frequenza della presa ma si limitano ad adattarne fisicamente l'ingresso alle spine italiane. In questo paese ( Yemen) abbiamo un voltaggio di 220/230 V con una frequenza di 50 Hz , e le seguenti prese: Americana a 2 contatti Britannica vecchio tipo a 3 poli Britannica a 3 poli Indirizzi utili Burocrazia e Visti Ambasciata d'Italia in Yemen Hadda st. 131, Sana'a tel: +967 1 432587, fax: +967 1 432590 tel 2: +967 1 432588, tel 3: +967 733662937 (cell. di servizio) posta elettronica: ambasciata.sanaa@esteri.it sito web: www.ambsanaa.esteri.it Ambasciata e Consolato dello Yemen in Italia Via Bosio 10, Roma tel: 06-44231679 tel 2: 06-44233695 Consolato dello Yemen Via Maffia 10, Firenze tel: 055-2399328 Consolato generale Qataban Street, Bld. 5, Khormaksar, Aden tel: 2-232586 tel 2: 2-232588 Turismo e Cultura General Tourism Authority Yemen Maydan at-Tahrir,C.P. 129, San'a tel: 1-252321 sito web: www.yementourism.com/ Universal Touring Company Maydan at-Tahrir,C.P. 129, San’a tel: 1-252321 Yemen Club for Touring and Automobile West 60 Meter Road, Universal Bld., Diplomatic Qua, San'a tel: 1-440305 Sanità e Sicurezza Emergenza per ncidenti stradali tel: 194 Ospedale Generale del Kuwait Bir al-Shaif, San'a tel: 1-203282 Ospedale Generale della Rivoluzione Al-Thawra Bal al-Salam, San'a tel: 1-247970 tel 2: 1-247979 Polizia tel: 199 Come arrivare L'aereo è sicuramente il mezzo più comodo e veloce per arrivare nello Yemen. La compagnia di bandiera Yemenia (www.yemenia.com) effettua due voli settimanali diretti per San'a con partenza da Roma. Il viaggio dura circa 4 ore. E' stato istituito anche un volo settimanale con partenza da Milano. Alitalia vola su San'a (3 scali); voli bi-trisettimanali sono offerti anche da Lufthansa, KLM, Egypt Air, Royal Jordanian che raggiungono San'a rispettivamente via Francoforte, Amsterdam, Il Cairo e Amman in coincidenza con i voli che partono da Milano e da Roma. Non esistono linee turistiche dirette via mare. I più avventurosi possono imbarcarsi su una nave da carico a Gibuti con destinazione Aden, Hodaydah o Mukalla. Per chi viaggia in auto, la strada principale per lo Yemen passa per l'Arabia Saudita ma le pratiche di attraversamento della frontiera possono essere molto lunghe e complesse. Può essere più facile passare la frontiera con l'Oman attraverso la nuova strada inaugurata da poco. Tasse di ingresso-imbarco Al momento di uscire dal Paese è necessario pagare una tassa di 10 dollari. Cosa vedere e cosa fare © Michele Falzone / iMondonauti.it Il castello sulla roccia a Dar Al Hajjar, Wadi Dhar www.michelefalzone.net Lo Yemen è un paese che può offrire molto al viaggiatore curioso, non solo la bellezza selvaggia dei suoi villaggi fortificati o le elegantissime case della sua capitale, ma addirittura un viaggio che è un salto a ritroso nel tempo e nella storia. Da San'a, famosa per i suoi edifici dalle finestre arabescate che la fanno assomigliare a una città da Mille e una notte, a Sa'dah, chiusa entro la sua cinta di mura di argilla, all'altissima Shaharah, autentico nido d'aquila sulle montagne e già rifugio segreto dell'imam e a Thula, le cui case sono serrate le une alle altre. Tornati a San'a si può puntare su Ma'rib, antica capitale del regno sabeo e importante tappa carovaniera lungo la pista che collegava l'India al Mediterraneo per arrivare, seguendo il Wadi Hadramaut, alla città-fortezza di Shibam, forse la maggior attrattiva della regione per le sue altissime case di mattoni di fango essiccato. Una puntata a Mukalla, pittoresca città di pescatori e poi, proseguendo attraverso paesaggi policromi, Haban, Aden, Taizz, Mokha che ancora profuma di caffè, Zabid con il suo souk bianco che tanto piaceva a Pasolini e infine Hodeida e la pittoresca Manakha. Socotra Una delle più belle isole del Medio Oriente, definita anche "le Galapagos dell'Oceano Indiano" per la sua natura incontaminata e per la flora unica al mondo, paradiso dei naturalisti e degli amanti dell'avventura. Spiagge bianche deserte, profondi canyon, dune di sabbia bianca, montagne granitiche alte fino a 1500 m rendono l'isola una meta imperdibile per chi ama il trekking, lo snorkelling e il diving nella barriera corallina, il contatto con la natura. La stagione ideale per visitare Socotra va da ottobre a fine aprile, prima dell'arrivo dei monsoni che rendono l'isola adatta solo agli amanti del surf e del kite surf. Per ulteriori notizie pratiche su cosa vedere: Itinerari consigliati e raccontati Socotra, un viaggio indimenticabile racconta il tuo itinerario in questo Paese Come spostarsi Voli interni La compagnia di bandiera yemenita Yemenia-Yemen Airways (Sana'a, tel. 1-250805) collega le principali città del Paese con diversi voli settimanali da pagare in dollari (se avete fatto il volo internazionale con Yemenia avrete la possibilità di viaggiare a prezzi scontati: informatevi prima di acquistarli). Voli giornalieri sono previsti fra San'a e Aden, Seyun, Mukalla, Ta'izz e Hodaydah; sono sempre da riconfermare con largo anticipo. Anche i voli da Sana'a per Socotra sono giornalieri (tranne il lunedì da Aden) ed effettuati da Yemenia e Felix Airways via Al Mukalla. Le attuali condizioni di sicurezza consigliano, se possibile, di usare l'aereo per gli spostamenti al fine di evitare al massimo l'uso dell'automobile. Mezzi pubblici Non esiste rete ferroviaria. Gli autobus collegano le città più importanti con partenze, in genere, al mattino e al pomeriggio (info all'Ufficio del turismo che si trova vicino alle Poste centrali di San'a); il servizio è affidabile ed economico. I biglietti dei viaggi a lunga percorrenza si vendono prima della partenza presso le autostazioni ( i tragitti più lunghi costano tra i 200 e i 400 rial). La compagnia Yemit CO propone, a tariffe fisse, autobus moderni e climatizzati, più vicini agli standard occidentali. La maggior parte del servizio pubblico avviene tramite taxi e taxi collettivi che operano lungo percorsi stabiliti collegando tra loro anche le principali città e partendo solo quando sono pieni. I percorsi si riconoscono dalle strisce colorate sulla fiancata dell'auto mentre le tariffe dipendono dalla distanza e dalla capacità dei clienti di contrattare. In genere hanno tariffe fisse e costano circa il 50% in più di quanto si pagherebbe in autobus per il medesimo percorso. I taxi collettivi a strisce nere possono prestare servizio anche come taxi privati nel qual caso è bene contrattare e accertarsi del prezzo prima di salirvi (prezzo medio 100 rial ogni 45 km; San'a-Ta'izz 8000 rial). Tenete presente che alcuni autisti rifiutano di trasportare turisti per evitare di perdere troppo tempo durante le verifiche ai posti di controllo. Mezzi a noleggio E' possibile noleggiare un'auto presso le agenzie principali, noleggio che in genere include anche l'autista (se volete viaggiare senza autista dovete sapervela cavare bene con l'arabo e conoscere bene le strade visto che la segnaletica stradale è spesso inesistente). Un fuoristrada costerà almeno 100 $ al giorno comprensivi di benzina, vitto e alloggio dell'autista e scorta militare, di più se si intendono percorrere lunghe distanze ( una seria ed affidabile agenzia yemenita che noleggia jeep con autista a prezzi concorrenziali è www.ashtal.com, ma potete rivolgervi anche a ali-zamil@hotmail.com. Alcuni es. di prezzi: per andare a Saharaj il costo, inclusa la guardia, ammonta a 300$ mentre per la traversata del deserto con i beduini del Rub al Khali dovete prevedere una spesa di ben 700$!). L'unica agenzia internazionale per il noleggio auto è la Hertz di San'a (tel. 967245610) che chiede circa 425 $ per 8 gg. di noleggio. Ricordate comunque che, per sicurezza, sull'auto vi verrà sempre imposto un militare armato che viaggerà con voi (la scorta dovrebbe essere gratuita, ma poichè i militari sono malpagati approfitteranno di qualche mancia per arrotondare lo stipendio. E' consigliabile quindi dare un po' di soldi all'autista affinchè vi sollevi dall'incombenza di mercanteggiare con i militari, anche in considerazione del fatto che la scorta varia spesso). Le strade sono di vario tipo, da buone a sterrate e a strapiombo sulla montagna; ottima è la strada che da Shibam porta a Ma'rib (attenzione: distributori di benzina solo per i primi 50 km). Se avete bisogno di un autista possiamo consigliarne uno che parla perfettamente italiano, conosce a meraviglia il suo Paese ed è persona squisita ed ospitale: si chiama Alì e potete contattarlo al seguente indirizzo: ali-zamil@hotmail.com oppure arabia-felix@y.te.net (meglio in inglese perché, pur parlando perfettamente italiano, Alì non sa leggerlo nè scriverlo; in alternativa tel. 00967 73 749172 in italiano; se rispondono i figli e Alì non arriva, riprovare; il fax ha lo stesso numero del telefono ma funziona solo di sera dopo le 22.00 ). Attualmente, per circolare nel Paese, è necessario essere in possesso di un permesso rilasciato dalla polizia turistica che lo concede solo a chi compra pacchetti turistici in agenzie di viaggio della capitale. Chi noleggia un auto con autista vedrà che quest'ultimo sarà considerato "agenzia": recandosi con lui all'ufficio del turismo e presentando il vostro itinerario di viaggio, riceverete ugualmente l'autorizzazione. Tale permesso, scritto in arabo, vi verrà richiesto ai numerosi posti di blocco, quindi conservatelo con attenzione. Altri mezzi Patente E' sufficiente la patente italiana accompagnata da un permesso locale. Carburante La benzina costa circa 60 rials al litro (il prezzo varia da distretto a distretto). Dormire Nello Yemen non esistono molti hotel di portata internazionale e quei pochi esistenti, in inverno, registrano spesso il tutto esaurito. Più numerosi i funduk, specie di pensioni il cui livello qualitativo può essere estremamente variabile. Alcuni funduk situati negli ex palazzi degli imam sono particolarmente belli. San'a offre la più ampia varietà di alberghi di tutto lo Yemen; i prezzi vanno dai 210 dollari per notte negli alberghi di alto livello ai 200 rial (4 dollari) per un letto in dormitorio nelle pensioni più a buon mercato (prezzo medio 20-30 dollari per camera doppia). Molte antiche case a torre della città vecchia sono state trasformate in alberghi e questa soluzione può essere interessante in quanto consente di osservare l'interno di una casa tradizionale (doppie da 200 a 1200 rial). Noi possiamo consigliare l'hotel Arabia felix (arabia-felix@y.net.ye), una vecchia casa tipica da poco ristrutturata, con un ottimo rapporto qualità prezzo, dove non ci si sentirà clienti ma ospiti di Gamal che farà di tutto per agevolare e facilitare la vostra permanenza. La situazione degli alberghi nel Wadi Hadramaut è molto più tragica: spesso bisogna accontentarsi di pensioni molto economiche. Non esistono campeggi veri e propri ma recentemente sono stati aperti alcuni siti in cui è possibile piantare le tende. L'assenza di strutture adeguate e l'abitudine di abbandonare i rifiuti hanno trasformato questi luoghi, spesso molto belli, in immondezzai a cielo aperto. E' difficile campeggiare in montagna a meno che siate in gruppo con tende personali e un autista che conosca molto bene la zona. Nessun problema invece per campeggiare sulla spiaggia, come a Bir Ali: oltre ad essere consigliato, è obbligatorio per approfittare dell'alba facendo il bagno... Isola di Socotra: nella capitale Hadibo esistono 4/5 funduk decisamente spartani e un Hotel 3* nuovo ma con prezzi elevati. Il modo migliore per visitare l'isola è affittare una jeep con autista e guida tramite un'agenzia locale che vi fornirà anche l'attrezzatura da campeggio, tende, materassini, lenzuola e cucina da campo. I pernottamenti in tenda saranno quasi tutti in aree attrezzate con bagno e doccia seppur molto semplici e spartani. Potete rivolgervi a Mohammed dell'agenzia Socotraguide che parla un po' di italiano e potrà organizzare tour dell'isola secondo le vostre specifiche esigenze (info@socotraguide.com). Mangiare Tutti i principali alberghi di San'a e di Aden sono provvisti di ristorante; nelle vecchie case trasformate in funduk spesso è possibile trovare un ristorante nel manzar (attico) della casa. Per mangiare si può spendere davvero pochissimo: 1-3 dollari consentono di fare un semplice pasto, per qualcosa di più sostanzioso si arrivano a spendere non più di 20-25 dollari (prezzo medio 5-8 dollari). Il piatto nazionale è il salteh, una zuppa bollente servita con stufato di fenugreek; il piatto classico delle regioni meridionali è invece il riso con pesce, spesso secco. Più comunemente mangerete carne di bue, montone o capra, pollo arrosto, vari tipi di verdure. Si beve acqua o tè o qishr (caffè speziato) mentre birra, vino e alcolici sono assolutamente proibiti. A tavola il galateo è arabo il che significa che non si usa né forchetta né coltello ma si porta il cibo alla bocca con la mano destra e aiutandosi con del pane. Nei ristoranti non vedrete mai donne yemenite ameno che non sia disponibile una sala riservata solo per loro quindi, turiste donne, nessuna sorprese se i commensali vi guarderanno mangiare. Moneta e carte di credito La moneta ufficiale dello Yemen è il riyal che non ha un tasso ufficiale di cambio. Nelle vicinanze di Maydan at-Tahrir a San'a vi sono molte banche commerciali che cambiano sia contanti che travellers' cheque (orario sab.-giov. 8-13) al tasso di cambio in vigore nel suq; nel suq al-Milh i cambiavalute privati cambiano solo denaro contante (non conviene cambiare nè in aeroporto nè negli hotel di lusso). Conviene cambiare banconote da 50-100 dollari (posteriori al 1991) perché in tal modo è possibile ottenere tassi migliori ma si possono cambiare senza difficoltà anche le principali divise europee. Ricordate comunque che, pagando in moneta straniera, si riesce in genere a spuntare dei prezzi migliori. Le carte di credito (American Express) sono accettate solo presso i grandi alberghi della capitale e negli uffici delle compagnie aeree, nei negozi è sempre necessario avere denaro contante. Cambio attuale: 1 Euro = 286,82 Rial 1 USD = 216,81 Rial dati aggiornati al 28/11/11 Posta e telefono Gli uffici postali sono aperti da sabato al giovedì con orario 8-12 e 16-20. A San'a l'ufficio centrale delle poste si trova in piazza At-Tahrir. Per telefonare nello Yemen dall'Italia bisogna comporre lo 00967 seguito dal prefisso della città senza lo 0 e dal numero desiderato. Per telefonare in Italia dallo Yemen bisogna comporre lo 0039 seguito dal numero dell'abbonato. I servizi telefonici internazionali a San'a sono gestiti dalla Cable & Wireless il cui ufficio centrale si trova in Az-Zubayri Street (orario 8-22), di fronte all'ambasciata cinese. Usando una scheda con validità minima di 280 scatti, si può chiamare ovunque senza problemi; si consiglia di non far squillare per più di 8 volte il telefono a vuoto perché in tal caso la chiamata viene addebitata ugualmente. Un altro International Telecommunication Centre si trova in Qasr al-Jumhuri Street. Per chiamate interne si possono usare i telefoni a gettone della posta centrale; per sapere il numero dell'abbonato chiedete all'impiegato dello sportello. Le cose si complicano nel sud del Paese e nell'Hadramaut dove a volte sono necessarie ore di attesa prima di poter parlare con il numero richiesto. I GSM sono funzionanti solo nelle principali aree urbane del Paese. Sanità Le strutture sanitarie dello Yemen sono alquanto carenti: se non è proprio strettamente necessario è meglio non sottoporsi a cure specialistiche o operazioni. La stipula di apposite assicurazioni sanitarie consentirà di rientrare immediatamente in patria con eventuali mezzi di emergenza. Accettabile può essere invece il servizio di pronto soccorso in quanto molti medici stranieri vi svolgono servizio. L'ospedale più frequentato dai residenti stranieri è il Kuwait Hospital, Kuwait Street, San'a, tel. 1-203282. Le farmacie vendono ogni tipo di medicina, anche quelle che da noi sono vietate perché producono effetti collaterali nocivi. Al fine di evitare fastidiose diarree e altre malattie trasmesse dagli alimenti e dall'acqua che costituiscono un rischio importante per la salute, si consiglia di bere solo acqua minerale e di non mangiare verdura cruda o frutta non sbucciata. In tutto il Paese infieriscono la febbre tifoide e il colera; sono state segnalate la dracunculosi e la teniasi, mentre la brucellosi è diffusa. Sicurezza © Michele Falzone / iMondonauti.it Il villaggio di Al Khurayba all'alba, Wadi Dawan www.michelefalzone.net Alla luce dell'attuale situazione politica (febbraio 2011), sono sconsigliati i viaggi nel Paese. Oltre ad evitare alcune zone del Paese e i viaggi individuali è bene adottare ogni misura di prudenza durante la permanenza e gli spostamenti all'interno del Paese. A tal fine si consiglia di contattare anticipatamente l'Ambasciata italiana a San'a e di attenersi ai suggerimenti impartiti. Il fenomeno del rapimento di turisti stranieri, dopo un periodo di tranquillità, è ripreso nel 2005 (soprattutto nella parte meridionale dei Gov. di Shabwa e di Marib). Resta pertanto raccomandabile limitare al minimo indispensabile i viaggi individuali in auto e appoggiarsi ad agenzie di viaggio i cui corrispondenti yemeniti si conformino ad adeguati standard di sicurezza. Da settembre 2006 è in vigore il divieto assoluto di transito nel Gov. di Sa'ada. A causa di scontri tra truppe governative e tribù locali nonché conflitti intertribali violenti sono da evitare anche i distretti di Marib, Shabwa, Al-Jawf e Abyan. Pure nel Governatorato dell'Hadramaut non sono da escludere rischi per gli stranieri. Rischio mine lungo le piste desertiche che vanno da Marib all'Hadramaut. Relativamente tranquille sono l'isola di Socotra (attenzione ai rischi legati alla balneazione a causa delle forti correnti marine) e la regione del Tihama. Va adottata particolare cautela nella navigazione nelle acque dello Yemen, in particolare lungo le coste prospicienti l’Eritrea, nel Golfo di Aden e nelle acque a sud di Hodeida per possibili atti di pirateria specie a danno delle barche da diporto. Comportamenti Lo Yemen è un paese rigorosamente islamico ed è bene pertanto adeguare l'abbigliamento alla sensibilità della popolazione: evitare scollature e pantaloni aderenti per le donne, pantaloni corti per gli uomini. E' buona norma non fotografare le persone senza chiederne il consenso, soprattutto se donne, non indirizzare la parola alle donne del luogo lungo la strada, non scambiarsi effusioni e non consumare alcolici in pubblico. E' fortemente sconsigliato per i non musulmani entrare nelle moschee e intavolare discussioni religiose con i musulmani praticanti. Se vi fosse concesso di entrare in una moschea, toglietevi le scarpe, copritevi tutto tranne il viso (le donne) e non fotografate. A tavola si mangia esclusivamente con la mano destra e l'uso della sinistra è permesso solo per rompere il pane o fare a pezzi la carne. Un eventuale rifiuto di cibo offerto potrebbe essere considerato come un insulto al padrone di casa; inoltre, poiché spesso si mangia seduti sul pavimento, è poco educato mostrare i piedi alla persona di fronte. L'uomo solo non può accedere al mondo delle donne ma le donne saranno accettate facilmente e potranno entrare nelle case sia che ci siano solo donne sia che sia presente il marito e la prole. Viaggiare con bambini Nessuno ha ancora proposto contenuti per questa parte della guida, vuoi farlo tu? Per poter compiere questa operazione devi esserti registrato ed aver effettuato l'accesso sul sito. Viaggiatori disabili Nessuno ha ancora proposto contenuti per questa parte della guida, vuoi farlo tu? Per poter compiere questa operazione devi esserti registrato ed aver effettuato l'accesso sul sito. Curiosità Riprodotto anche sulle banconote da 1 ryal, il qat è il vero centro della vita degli yemeniti. Si tratta di un'erba leggermente stupefacente, di uno stimolante vicino alle anfetamine che fa dimenticare gli stimoli della fame e dà una dolce euforia. Ne fa uso il 50-90% degli uomini e il 30-50% delle donne oltre i 18 anni come pure il 15% dei bambini sotto i 12. La si compra normalmente al mercato e si consuma formando una piccola palla da tenere in bocca, tra i denti e la guancia. Raramente si mastica il qat da soli, piuttosto i maschi yemeniti si ritrovano il pomeriggio in casa dell'uno o dell'altro per consumarlo in compagnia. Tutti ne fanno uso e se gli effetti per la salute sono dannosi ma non troppo vistosi, gli effetti per i bilanci familiari sono spesso disastrosi visto che in molti casi gli yemeniti spendono per il qat il 90% dei loro guadagni. Guide e libri Link utili www.arab.net/yemen in lingua inglese; ricco di notizie sui vari aspetti del Paese www.universalyemen.com in lingua inglese; ricco di informazioni turistiche e di informazioni sugli hotel yemeniti cerchi altri siti utili? cerca tra i links! Il paese in cifre Capitale San'a Superficie 527.968 kmq (compreso il territorio rivendicato dell'Arabia Saudita) Popolazione 20.726.063 (2005) Densità 28 ab./kmq Religione islamica (zaiditi, shafijti, ismailiti) Geografia e territorio Visualizzazione ingrandita della mappa Lo Yemen, situato nella penisola arabica, confina a N con l'Arabia Saudita, a E con l'Oman, a S con il Golfo di Aden (Oceano Indiano) e a O con il Mar Rosso. Il suo territorio si può articolare in varie zone. La zona costiera (Tihamah), formata da una fascia larga da 20 a 50 km di sabbie coralligene vicino al Mar Rosso e fluviali più all'interno, si eleva fino a 200 m s.m. mutandosi poi in zona ghiaiosa pedemontana che raggiunge gli 800 m; in questa regione i corsi d'acqua hanno regime di wadi. La zona dell'altopiano (Serah) si eleva dai 1700 m fino ai 3500 m e poi degrada verso est dove si perde nel deserto. Nella parte centrale e a oltre 2000 m si presenta spesso un suolo pianeggiante con larghi wadi a fondo piatto separati da massicci montuosi isolati, residui di antichi vulcani. I corsi d'acqua si esauriscono nella regione interna. Lo Yemen orientale mostra un'importante caratteristica topografica, la fertile valle del Wadi Hadramaut che corre parallela alla costa ed è situata a circa 150-200 km nell'entroterra. Il territorio dello Yemen comprende anche alcune isole: Kamaran e le isole Hanish, Perim e Socotra. Ecologia e ambiente Nessuno ha ancora proposto contenuti per questa parte della guida, vuoi farlo tu? Per poter compiere questa operazione devi esserti registrato ed aver effettuato l'accesso sul sito. Clima Lungo le coste il clima è tropicale, umido con escursioni stagionali elevate, forti venti caldi estivi e scarsa piovosità invernale. La temperatura oscilla tra i 32° C dell'inverno e i 50° C dell'estate. Tra gli 800 e i 1700 m il clima è più temperato con escursioni diurne molto forti (anche di 20 ° C) e una maggiore piovosità (14° C invernali - 22° C estivi). Il clima dell'altopiano è caratterizzato da forti escursioni diurne e annue, cielo sereno ed aria asciutta, raffiche di vento d'inverno, temporali e violenti uragani d'estate. Il monsone orientale colpisce il Paese tra aprile e maggio, quello occidentale tra luglio e settembre. La piovosità diminuisce gradualmente verso est e nel deserto di Rub' al-Khali non piove quasi mai. Popolazione Nel mondo arabo gli yemeniti sono considerarti discendenti dall'etnia di Qahtan, antenati delle tribù meridionali, mentre i popoli del nord derivano dagli Adnan. La diversità di origine tra Qahtanidi e Adnanidi ha avuto una grande importanza politica nei primi secoli dell'era islamica e non è stata ancora dimenticata. Nella società yemenita tradizionale fondamentale importanza hanno le tribù che hanno sempre occupato territori più o meno precisamente delimitati: così troviamo i Beni (letteralmente figli di) Suraym nel Khamir, i Beni Husheich a est di San'a, i Beni Mahwab nei pressi di Kuchlan, i Beni Marwan nel Tihama settentrionale e via di seguito. Nel Paese oltre il 40% della popolazione vive sotto la soglia di povertà e il 46% degli abitanti ha meno di 15 anni. I figli a carico sono spesso visti come un peso nelle zone rurali. Oltre il 50% delle spose, secondo uno studio del 2006, sono bambine, di solito tra gli 8 e i 10 anni. Diverse associazioni per i diritti umani e delle donne insieme a 61 deputati del parlamento yemenita hanno sollecitato una legge che imponga come limite minimo per il matrimonio l’età di 18 anni, ma la strada in tal senso sembra ancora lunga ed in salita. Lingua Lingua ufficiale è l'arabo. L'inglese è abbastanza diffuso soprattutto tra le persone che devono stare a contatto con i turisti; nel sud è conosciuto anche da molti anziani a causa del passato coloniale della regione. Religione Gli yemeniti sono musulmani, ma mentre la maggior parte della popolazione dell'ex Yemen del sud aderisce alla setta sunnita degli shafiiti, quasi tutta la popolazione del nord Yemen appartiene alla setta sciita degli zayditi. Un'altra setta sciita, quella degli ismailiti, comprende solo l'1% della popolazione che vive in maggioranza nella città di Manakha e dintorni. Poche centinaia di ebrei si concentrano in un villaggio vicino a Sa'da mentre ad Aden ci sono piccole comunità cristiane e hindu. Storia © Michele Falzone / iMondonauti.it Donne vicino al famoso vecchio ponte in prossimità del villaggio montano di Shahara www.michelefalzone.net L'antico Yemen dei Sabei, culla di una cultura altamente sviluppata fin dal X sec. a.C., era un Paese fiorente che doveva le sue enormi ricchezze da un lato all'importante posizione strategica che gli permetteva di controllare la rotta dell'antica Via dell'Incenso, dall'altro allo sviluppo dell'agricoltura favorita da una vasta rete di irrigazione. Le più antiche menzioni dello Stato sabeo, con capitale Marib, ricordano che nel periodo più antico esso fu governato da capi aventi anche funzioni religiose che svilupparono e rafforzarono il Regno della mitica Bilquis, regina di Saba. Fino al V sec. esso rimase lo Stato più importante della regione per poi frammentarsi negli stati di Ma'in, Qataban e Hadramaut e, più tardi, di Himyar; quest'ultimo, col declinare delle rotte carovaniere, diventò la principale potenza della regione e una ricchissima potenza marittima. (III sec. d.C.) Nel VI sec. lo Yemen fu occupato dagli etiopi e successivamente dai persiani che cederanno alla vittoriosa penetrazione dell'Islam. Dapprima semplice provincia dell'Impero dei califfi, il Paese diede presto origine a una moltitudine di dinastie locali indipendenti e rivali fra loro (Ziyaditi, Nagiahidi, Mahditi). Il primo stato zaidita fu fondato alla fine del IX sec.; la dinastia risorse nel XVI sec. e si perpetuò fino agli ultimi Imam del XX sec. (1962) che riusciranno a riunire l'intero Yemen resistendo al parziale dominio ottomano (1517-1635 e 1871-1948). Per molti secoli infatti lo Yemen fece gola a tutti coloro che volevano controllare le rotte commerciali che passavano attraverso la regione: portoghesi, egiziani e, per l'appunto, turchi. Nel 1839 gli inglesi occuparono Aden che divenne loro Protettorato fino al 1967. Nel 1962, alla morte dell'Imam, un gruppo di ufficiali fondò la Repubblica Araba dello Yemen (YAR). Forze fedeli al figlio dell'Imam si rifugiarono tra le montagne del nord e, con l'aiuto di Gran Bretagna e Arabia Saudita, combatterono contro i repubblicani aiutati da Egitto e Russia. Nel 1967, con l'abbandono di Aden da parte degli inglesi sorse la Repubblica Popolare dello Yemen del Sud, primo e unico stato marxista arabo, ridenominata Repubblica Popolare Democratica dello Yemen (PDRY) nel 1970. La Repubblica unificata dello Yemen venne dichiarata nel 1990 e l'anno successivo fu promulgata la Costituzione. Nonostante ciò la guerra civile fu inevitabile finchè il Paese non fu nuovamente riunificato sotto la leadership del Presidente Saleh. La riconciliazione tra nord e sud Yemen nella realtà è ancora in fase di sviluppo, tra episodi di guerriglia, conflitti intertribali e rapimenti di turisti. Costituzione Lo Yemen è una Repubblica nata nel 1990 dall'unione della Repubblica Araba dello Yemen (YAR) e dalla Repubblica Democratica Popolare dello Yemen (PDRY). La guerra civile del 1994 ha lasciato al governo del Paese il partito del Congresso Generale del Popolo e l'Islah, il maggior partito religioso. L'indiscusso capo del Paese è tuttavia l'attuale Presidente Ali Abdullah Saleh, sostenuto dall'esercito. Amministrativamente lo Yemen del Nord era diviso in 11 province, quello del Sud in 6 governatorati; dopo l'unificazione sono rimaste in uso entrambe le denominazioni. Situazione politica La Repubblica Araba dello Yemen fu fondata nel 1962; nel 1967, con l'abbandono di Aden da parte dell'Inghilterra, sorse la Repubblica Popolare dello Yemen del Sud, poi Repubblica Popolare Democratica dello Yemen. L'unificazione dello Yemen del nord e di quello del sud fu dichiarata nel 1990: il Paese assunse il nome di al Jumhuriya al Yamania (Repubblica dello Yemen). L'anno successivo fu promulgata la Costituzione che stabiliva libere elezioni, un sistema politico multipartitico e il riconoscimento dei diritti umani. Nonostante ciò la guerra civile fu inevitabile finchè il Paese non fu nuovamente riunificato sotto il governo del Presidente Saleh. La riconciliazione tra nord e sud del Paese prosegue lentamente tra scontri di truppe governative e tribù locali, conflitti intertribali, attentati dinamitardi e rapimenti di turisti. Economia © Michele Falzone / iMondonauti.it Pescatore ad Aden www.michelefalzone.net Lo Yemen unito ha ereditato due economie totalmente differenti, quella occidentalizzata dello Yemen del nord e la stagnante economia centralizzata dello Yemen del sud. Attualmente lo sviluppo economico è assai esiguo e lo Yemen, tra i Paesi più poveri del mondo, continua a dipendere quasi completamente dagli aiuti esterni. Arrivare all'autosufficienza alimentare era stato il proposito di vari governi ma ancor oggi l'agricoltura è praticata giusto per sostenere le singole famiglie. Si coltivano cereali, banane uva e datteri dove il clima è più temperato, e il qat, la droga nazionale. La produzione del caffè che aveva reso famoso nel mondo lo Yemen è stata drasticamente ridotta. L'allevamento del bestiame è abbastanza diffuso; non adeguatamente sviluppata è la pesca. La produzione petrolifera, pur se scarsa rispetto agli altri Paesi arabi, è in lenta ripresa. Si stima che più di 2.500.000 di yemeniti sia emigrato: le loro rimesse costituiscono un'importante fonte di reddito e spesso consentono la sopravvivenza delle famiglie rimaste in patria. Festival e tradizioni Nello Yemen, come in tutti i paesi islamici, le festività religiose più importanti sono il Capodanno islamico che cade il primo giorno del mese di Muharram, l'anniversario della nascita del profeta Maometto, la fine del Ramadan e la Festa che commemora l'ascensione del Profeta. Tutte le festività seguono il calendario lunare islamico e di conseguenza ogni anno cadono in momenti differenti. Feste civili sono il 1° gennaio, il 1° e il 22 maggio (Festa dell'unità nazionale), il 26 settembre (Giorno della rivoluzione), il 14 ottobre (Festa nazionale), il 30 novembre (Giorno dell'indipendenza). |
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| Yemen Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see photo_2 Yemen is located in the south-west corner of the Arabian Peninsula. It borders on Saudi Arabia and Oman in the north and has the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean as . Yemen used to be known as Arabia Felix, the happy Arabia, because of its richness, but nowadays it is the second poorest country in the Arabic world (only Mauritania has a lower per capita GDP. Yemen is one of the most beautiful countries in the world. You will feel like you jumped back in time, some good thousand years. Men and women still wear traditional garb, the houses look like pictures from your children's Bible (or Koran). Sanaa the capital is great and is probably your point of entry. The old city is on the world heritage list of UNESCO. Marib is another must see. The Great Marib Dam is a very impressive structure and shows how developed early Yemenite civilizations were. Shibam is dubbed the Manhattan of the desert and is far away but very pretty. You are sure never to forget a trip to Yemen. Either you enjoy the fantastic ancient architecture, have a great time in the beautiful mountains and appreciate the desert landscapes. ---- New content, to be integrated with the actual one. If you wanna help :-) ---- General Information on Yemen Background: Arabia Felix in Latin and Arabia Eudemon in Greek, this what Yemen was so-called in the ancient world. Both names mean “ Arabia the Blessed”. This because of its fertile land that grew endemic cereals, fruit, resin, spices and aromatic trees that produced fragrant substances such as, frankincense and myrrh which were used in the ritual ceremonies in Temples. In Yemen , great civilizations were erected. The most famed civilization was Saba or Sheba . The Sabaeans established Dams to irrigate their lands and they constructed the greatest Dam in the ancient world, Marib Dam (about 610 BC), its remains have been still so far. The kingdom of Sheba flourished and became wealthy owing to its monopoly to the trade routes between ancient East and West Civilizations. One of the Sabaean Rulers was the Queen Bilquis (the Queen of Sheba) who was very renowned when she undertook a journey to meet the Prophet Solomon. The Story of this Queen mentioned in the Holly Qura’an and the Bible, too. She established her capital in Marib (about 2500 yeas ago). Many remains of the Queen’s Throne, Temples have remained so far. So Marib is considered one of the most significant archeological sites in Yemen . In the 17 th century, Yemen had well known reputation in Europe for trading Yemeni coffee, which was considered the finest coffee.. The Red Sea Mokha port (some of the famous coffee shops bear the name of Mokha in Europe ) had become one of the busiest ports of its day. Some of the European merchant transported Yemeni coffee plants to several regions in the world such as Indonesia , Brazil and Jamaica . Yemen Today: Formal Name: Republic of Yemen 1. Yemen , officially the Republic of Yemen , re-unified on 22nd of May1990 (one of the most important Yemeni National Days). Before the unification, Yemen had been divided into two parts, North Yemen and South Yemen . The Republic of Yemen is a democratic country. The people of Yemen are the possessors and the source of legitimacy and power, which they execute directly through referendum and elections. It is a constitutional State; its governmental system is founded on the basis of the pluralism with three powers, judicial, legislative and executive. 4. Ethnic Origin : The majority is Arabic origins with a minority from Africa, India , and Europe 5. Capital City : Sana’a 6. Main Cities : Sana’a, Aden (the main harbor and the free zone), Taiz, Hodaidah, Mukala. 7. Main Travel Ways to and from Country, by air, sea and land: By land through the northern Yemeni Saudi borders, and the eastern Yemeni Omani borders, by sea, through Hodaidah Harbor at the Red Sea, and Aden Harbor at the Arab Sea, by air via Yemenia Airways and other international airways. 8. Main tourist Travel and Transportation of Country, By land, air and sea: by land there are many travel agencies, public modern transportation buses, by air via Yemenia Airways, by sea via tourist yachts and ships . 9. Tourism Foundations and Establishments: - Tourism Ministry and Establishments: Ministry of Culture and Tourism, General Authority for Tourism Development, and Yemen Tourism Promotion Board. - Tourist Foundations and Agencies: Please see the Web Site www.yementourism.com - Airways: Yemenia Airways, and many other international airways. - Hotels: Please see the above-mentioned web site. - Restaurants: Please see the above mentioned web site - Parks and Playgrounds: There are three major parks in Sana’a city: Al Thoura, and Al Sabbeen Parks, and the Zoo. There is a park in Taiz city and a park in Aden city in addition there are many wonderful sightseeings in many places and regions throughout Yemen . There are two major football stadiums: one in Sana’a city and another in Aden (modern one) further, there are many playgrounds existed in different Yemeni cities. 10. Cultural Foundations - Ministry of Culture and its Establishments: Ministry of Culture and Tourism, general Authority for Tourism Development, Tourism Promotion Board, General Authority for Antiquity and Manuscripts and Museums, General Authority for Conserving Ancient Cities, and The Cultural Center (includes the main theater stage in Sana’a). - Universities: There are 7 public universities, the major universities are: Sana’a University, Aden University , Taiz University , Hodaidah University , Hadramout University Location: The Republic of Yemen is located in the southern west corner of the Arabian Peninsula, in the southern west part of Asia . Saudi Arabia borders it in the north, Arab Sea and the Indian Ocean in the south, Sultanate Oman from east, and Red Sea from west. Its area is stretched between Latitude 12-19 degrees north of the Equator, and Longitude 41-54 East of Greenwich. Area: The total area o f Yemen is approximately 555,000 km 2 , excluding Al Rub al-Khali (The Empty Quarter Desert). Population: The population of Yemen is approximately 19,700,000. (Central Statistic Organ. Aug., 2003) Language: Arabic is the official language and English language is the second language. Religion: Islam is the official religion. There is a Jewish minority, too. Time zone: G.M.T.+3hrs. Currency: Yemeni RHistory Edit This Sheba's Ruins (Marib) Sheba's Ruins (Marib) Tourist in Yemen Yemen is one of the oldest centers of civilization in the Near East. Between the 12th century BC and the 6th century AD it was part of the Minaean Sabaean and Himyarite kingdoms which controlled the lucrative spice trade and later came under Ethiopian and Persian rule. In the 7th century Islamic caliphs began to exert control over the area. After this broke up the former north Yemen came under control of Imams of various dynasties usually of the Zaidi sect who established a theocratic political structure that survived until modern times. (Imam is a religious term. The Shiites apply it to the prophet Muhammad's son-in-law Ali his sons Hasan and Hussein and subsequent lineal descendants whom they consider to have been divinely ordained unclassified successors of the prophet.) Egyptian Sunni caliphs occupied much of north Yemen throughout the 11th century. By the 16th century and again in the 19th century north Yemen was part of the Ottoman empire and in some periods its Imams exerted suzerainty over south turkey Former North Yemen Ottoman government control was largely confined to cities with the Imam's suzerainty over tribal areas formally recognized. Turkish forces withdrew in 1918 and Imam Yahya strengthened his control over north Yemen. Yemen became a member of the Arab league in 1945 and the United Nations in 1947. Imam Yahya died during an unsuccessful coup attempt in 1948 and was succeeded by his son Ahmad who ruled until his death in September 1962. Imam Ahmad's reign was marked by growing repression renewed friction with the United Kingdom over the British presence in the south and growing pressures to support the Arab nationalist objectives of Egyptian President Qamal Abdul Nasser. Shortly after assuming power in 1962 Ahmad's son Badr was deposed by revolutionary forces which took control of Sanaa and created the Yemen Arab Republic (YAR). Egypt assisted the YAR with troops and supplies to combat forces loyal to the Imamate. Saudi Arabia and Jordan supported Badr's royalist forces to oppose the newly formed republic. Conflict continued periodically until 1967 when Egyptian troops were withdrawn. By 1968 following a final royalist siege of Sanaa most of the opposing leaders reached a reconciliation; Saudi Arabia recognized the Republic in 1970. Former South Yemen British influence increased in the south and eastern portion of Yemen after the British captured the port of Aden in 1839. It was ruled as part of British India until 1937 when Aden was made a crown colony with the remaining land designated as east Aden and west Aden protectorates. By 1965 most of the tribal states within the protectorates and the Aden colony proper had joined to form the British-sponsored federation of south Arabia. In 1965 two rival nationalist groups--the Front for the Liberation of Occupied South Yemen (FLOSY) and the National Liberation Front (NLF)--turned to terrorism in their struggle to control the country. In 1967 in the face of uncontrollable violence British troops began withdrawing federation rule collapsed and NLF elements took control after eliminating their FLOSY rivals. South Arabia including Aden was declared independent on November 30 1967 and was renamed the People's Republic of South Yemen. In June 1969 a radical wing of the Marxist NLF gained power and changed the country's name on December 1 1970 to the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY). In the PDRY all political parties were amalgamated into the Yemeni Socialist Party (YSP) which became the only legal party. The PDRY established close ties with the Soviet Union China Cuba and radical Palestinians. Republic of Yemen In 1972 the governments of the PDRY and the YAR declared that they approved a future union. However little progress was made toward unification and relations were often strained. In 1979 simmering tensions led to fighting which was only resolved after Arab League mediation. The goal of unity was reaffirmed by the northern and southern heads of state during a summit meeting in Kuwait in March 1979. However that same year the PDRY began sponsoring an insurgency against the YAR. In April 1980 PDRY President Abdul Fattah Ismail resigned and went into exile. His successor Ali Nasir Muhammad took a less interventionist stance toward both the YAR and neighboring Oman. On January 13 1986 a violent struggle began in Aden between Ali Nasir Muhammad and the returned Abdul Fattah Ismail and their supporters. Fighting lasted for more than a month and resulted in thousands of casualties Ali Nasir's ouster and Ismail's death. Some 60 000 persons including Ali Nasir and his supporters fled to the YAR. In May 1988 the YAR and PDRY governments came to an understanding that considerably reduced tensions including agreement to renew discussions concerning unification to establish a joint oil exploration area along their undefined border to demilitarize the border and to allow Yemenis unrestricted border passage on the basis of only a national identification card. In November 1989 the leaders of the YAR (Ali Abdallah Salih) and the PDRY (Ali Salim Al-Bidh) agreed on a draft unity constitution originally drawn up in 1981. The Republic of Yemen (ROY) was declared on May 22 1990. Ali Abdallah Salih became President and Ali Salim Al-Bidh became Vice President. A 30-month transitional period for completing the unification of the two political and economic systems was set. A presidential council was jointly elected by the 26-member YAR advisory council and the 17-member PDRY presidium. The presidential council appointed a Prime Minister who formed a Cabinet. There was also a 301-seat provisional unified Parliament consisting of 159 members from the north 111 members from the south and 31 independent "at-large" members appointed by the chairman of the council. A unity constitution was agreed upon in May 1990 and ratified by the populace in May 1991. It affirmed Yemen's commitment to free elections a multi-party political system the right to own private property equality under the law and respect of basic human rights. Parliamentary elections were held on April 27 1993. International groups assisted in the organization of the elections and observed actual balloting. The resulting Parliament included 143 GPC 69 YSP 63 Islaah (Yemeni grouping for reform a party composed of various tribal and religious groups) 6 Baathis 3 Nasserists 2 Al Haq and 15 independents. The head of Islaah Paramount Hashid Sheik Abdallah Bin Husayn Al-Ahmar is the speaker of Parliament. Islaah was invited into the ruling coalition and the presidential council was altered to include one Islaah member. Conflicts within the coalition resulted in the self-imposed exile of Vice President Ali Salim Al-Bidh to Aden beginning in August 1993 and a deterioration in the general security situation as political rivals settled scores and tribal elements took advantage of the unsettled situation. Haydar Abu Bakr Al-Attas (former southern Prime Minister) continued to serve as the ROY Prime Minister but his government was ineffective due to political infighting. Continuous negotiations between northern and southern leaders resulted in the signing of the document of pledge and accord in Amman Jordan on February 20 1994. Despite this clashes intensified until civil war broke out in early May ail (YR), visitors can exchange currencies in exchange establishments spread all around Yemeni cities. 1$=184.50 YR(April,2004) __________Economy Edit This Economy—overview: The northern city Sanaa is the political capital of a united Yemen and the southern city Aden with its refinery and port facilities is the economic and commercial capital. Future economic development depends heavily on the attraction of foreign investment to diversify the economy. Former South Yemen's willingness to merge stemmed partly from the sharp decline in Soviet economic support. The low level of domestic industry and agriculture has made northern Yemen dependent on imports for practically all of its essential needs. Once self-sufficient in food production northern Yemen has become a major importer. Land once used for export crops—cotton fruit and vegetables - has been turned over to growing a shrub called qat whose leaves are chewed for their stimulant effect by Yemenis and which has no significant export market. Economic growth in former South Yemen has been constrained by a lack of incentives partly stemming from centralized control over production decisions investment allocation and import choices. Yemen's GDP has been supplemented by remittances from Yemenis working abroad and by foreign aid. Since the Gulf crisis however remittances have dropped substantially. Floods in June 1996 caused the loss of much valuable topsoil in the agricultural sector increasing the need for imports of foodstuffs. Oil production and GDP as a whole are expected to increase moderately in 1998. GDP: purchasing power parity—$31.8 billion (1997 est.) GDP—real growth rate: 5% (1997 est.) GDP—per capita: purchasing power parity—$2 300 (1997 est.) GDP—composition by sector: agriculture: 15% industry: 39% services: 46% (1995) Inflation rate—consumer price index: 5% (1997 est.) Labor force: no reliable estimates exist most people are employed in agriculture and herding or as expatriate laborers; services construction industry and commerce account for less than one-half of the labor force Unemployment rate: 30% (1995 est.) Budget: revenues: $2.6 billion expenditures: $2.7 billion including capital expenditures of $1.1 billion (1998 est.) Industries: crude oil production and petroleum refining; small-scale production of cotton textiles and leather goods; food processing; handicrafts; small aluminum products factory; cement Industrial production growth rate: NA% Electricity—capacity: 810 000 kW (1995) Electricity—production: 1.85 billion kWh (1995) Electricity—consumption per capita: 126 kWh (1995) Agriculture—products: grain fruits vegetables qat (mildly narcotic shrub) coffee cotton; dairy products poultry meat; fish Exports: total value: $2.3 billion (f.o.b. 1997 est.) commodities: crude oil cotton coffee dried and salted fish partners: China 23% South Korea 19% Thailand 14% Brazil 13% Japan 12% Thailand 7% (1995) Imports: total value: $2.3 billion (f.o.b. 1997 est.) commodities: textiles and other manufactured consumer goods petroleum products foodstuffs cement machinery chemicals partners: US 12% France 11% UAE 10% Saudi Arabia 7% UK 5% (1995) Debt—external: $8 billion (1996) Economic aid: recipient: ODA $148 million (1993) Currency: Yemeni rial (YRl) (new currency) Exchange rates: Yemeni rials (YRl) per US$1—129.158 (1997) 94.157 (1996) 40.839 (1995) 12.010 (official fixed rate 1991-94) Fiscal year: calendar year ___________Tours and Excursions Edit This From Sanaa, it is possible to rent a car with the driver for one or several days. You have just to feed him and pay him of course. It is quite cheap and he will show you exactly what to see and will arrange everything like eating, shopping, photos, police controls etc... It is not that easy, you need a travel permit and for some areas the traveler can go only by a Yemeni tour-operator. Better to book in advance with an official company there. Pay more and you are safe and secure. Myself had a good experience with Yemen Explorer Tours - a special interest tour-operator who have 70% individual groups. Always online and helpful. Norman Shawn, 11 Nov 2007 ___________People Edit This Jewish Child Jewish Child Tourist in Yemen Population: 16 387 963 (July 1998 est.) note: other estimates range as high as 16.6 million Age structure: 0-14 years: 48% (male 4 016 052; female 3 859 079) 15-64 years: 49% (male 4 066 601; female 3 902 686) 65 years and over: 3% (male 280 152; female 263 393) (July 1998 est.) Population growth rate: 3.31% (1998 est.) Birth rate: 43.36 births/1 000 population (1998 est.) Death rate: 10.27 deaths/1 000 population (1998 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1 000 population (1998 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.06 male(s)/female (1998 est.) Infant mortality rate: 72.2 deaths/1 000 live births (1998 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 59.47 years male: 57.71 years female: 61.32 years (1998 est.) Total fertility rate: 7.14 children born/woman (1998 est.) Nationality: noun: Yemeni(s) adjective: Yemeni Ethnic groups: predominantly Arab; Afro-Arab concentrations in western coastal locations; South Asians in southern regions; small European communities in major metropolitan areas Religions: Muslim including Shaf'i (Sunni) and Zaydi (Shi'a) small numbers of Jewish Christian and Hindu Languages: Arabic Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 38% male: 53% female: 26% (1990 est.) :::::::::::Aden Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Port of Aden Port of Aden Aden is the old capital of south Yemen. It is still one of the most modern cities in the world, it is a busy port and more open to external influences than the rest of the country. The oldest part of the city is known as the Crater, since it lies in the crater of an extinct volcano. Here you find most of the old buildings in Aden. An interesting site is the Aden Tanks, man-made reservoirs, partly cut out of the rock, with a storage capacity of 50 million litres. When it rains, the upper basins fill up first and then overflow into the lower basins. To see the traditional boats head to the Maallah district. For beaches head south of Aden, to a town called Little Aden, also located in the crater of an extinct volcano; this is an area of small fishing villages in sheltered bays, with several superb beaches fringing the Indian Ocean. Main districts: - Cratar - Khormaxar - Little Aden - Gold Mohur - Sheikh Othman - Maallah - Mansoora - Tawahi :::::::::Baraqish Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Baraqish is an old city close to Marib it can be seen as a daytrip from there. Baraqish is located in the semi-arid area on the road to Hazm Al-Jawf, 125km, 125km from Sanaa. Baraqish stands on top of a lofty hill with a magnificent castle sealed off by a highly fortified wall, as high as 8 meters in some places, are in good condition. The wall has 57 towers and tow gates, one in the east and one in the western part of the wall. The most striking feature of the city is the ruins of the temple, located in the southern part of the city. The temple reflects the dominant from of architecture used by the Ma’eenis and consists of 16 columns and beams. Archeologists believe that this was the Athter Temple, the Morning Star or Venus, Goddess of love. There is anther temple in the center of the city but only 4 columns can be seen. Many inscriptions can be found on the city wall’s faced. The city was inhabited unit the 1960s. There are further historical sites dating back to the Ma’een dynasty in Majzer district not far from Baraqish: to the west Ahqaf and Duroub Al-Sabi and, to the east, the site of Kharbat Al-Lisan. From a point on the northern side of Balaq Mountain, overlooking Wadi Dhanah, one can see the two gates of the Great Dam, the lake of the new dam and the ruins of the old canals. Far a way, one can see the Dhanah Valley Delta or Valley of Sheba’, historically Known as the Land of two Heavens’. The road stretches to the Balaq mountain passing by the northern gate of the Great Dam. ::::::::::Hadramawt Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Hadramawt is a mountainous region home to nomadic tribes. This vast and scenic area stretches 350 mi/565 km from the Arabian Sea to the Saudi border. The area may be far away and hard to get to, but it has some stunning scenery and one of the most fantastic sights in the world: Shibam ::::::::::Jibla Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see The Town of Jibla , which is situated 8 km southwest of the City of Ibb and at an elevation of 2,400 meters above sea level, is a well – known tourist town. In the past, it used to be called the City of Nahrain (or of the Two Rivers, because it lies between two rivers. The Sulaihi King Abdullah Ibn Ali Al-Sulaihi expanded it in the Year 458 AH and he gave it its present name and made it the capital of the Sulaihi Kingdom , which was successfully able to unite all of Yemen under one state. The Town of Jiblah saw its prosperity during the reign of Queen Arwa Bint Ahmed Bin Mohammed Al-Sulaihi (1067 – 1138 AD), who is the second queen to rule Yemen after Queen Bilquis, who was reputably known as the Queen of Sheba, who ruled Yemen in biblical times (King Solomon's time). Queen Arwa was highly intellectual, cultured and wise in the running of the affairs of her state, and was also very much loved by her subjects. She left a lot of remains and important cultural achievements in several regions, including the construction of the Jibla Mosque and paving the city streets with stones and qadhadh, the local traditional cement material. The city includes the Palace of Dar Al- 'Izz (the House of Greatness or Nobility), which is situated in the area called Hafat Al-Dar or the (Rim of the House). The architectural style of the city is similar to that of the Old City of Ibb, and Jibla is surrounded by natural landscape beauty. It appears from a distance to be like a pyramid, inside of which are inlaid the homes and mosque minarets, all of which are surrounded by the mountain farm terraces and hills that are clad in a beautiful green covering throughout the year. The town became famous as a scholastic and intellectual center for many centuries. One of the famous schools of Jibla is still functioning as one of the auxiliaries of the Queen Arwa Mosque. The mosque also contains the Tomb of Queen Arwa. ::::::::::Marib Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see history history pic Marib is located in the east of Yemen. High mountains, beautiful valleys, plains and desert are all nearby. The most important valley in Marib is Wadi Dhanah or Shebe Valley’, in the banks of which flourished the Sabean dynasty, the foundation of Yemeni history. Marib is the most famous ancient city in Yemen. The old city of Marib lies in the Sabean plains on the outskirts of the east Yemen desert Mafazet Saihad’. It’s strategic position lends itself to its important role in history, as it controlled the ancient incense routs. It was a meeting point for caravans coming from the Qana port on the Arabian Sea coast, crossing the Wadi Hadhramout. Close to the city are many attractions, the most famopus being the Great Marib Dam. All of these can easily be seen as daytrips from the city. :::::::::Sanaa Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see photo Sana’a, the capital of Yemen is spectacularly beautiful. It's a fascinating city with unique architecture. It seems as if you were back in the middle ages in some tale of Arabian Nights. The way people dress and the way the buildings look has not changed the last thousand years. even new-Sana looks and feels old. The city is set in a pretty valley highlighted by rugged mountains. The houses of old Sana’a are known as ’tower houses’ with some reaching eight storeys. In old Sana’a there are more than 14,000 of such houses. From the middle of old Sana’a cow market (Soq al-bakar), one can walk 500m in any direction without coming across new buildings. The ground and first floors of the old city houses are built of stone with the upper floors being built of mud. The floors are separated from one another with a strip of the same building material. The rooms are lit with marble arched stained-glass windows. The exterior walls are decorated with ornaments coated with lime in an up- Dated architectural style and similar materials. The ground floors are used as stores, while the large first floors are used for entertaining. There are also rooms allocated for women and children. The Mafraj is the male domain, located at the top of the house, and is a rectangular room with broad windows allowing good sight of the surrounding. It is the most decorated and beautiful room in the house. A new quarter was added to Sana’a in the 14-th century called Quarter of Beer al-Azab, which was populated by the senior officials. This quarter was distinct in its architectural style differing from that of Old Sana’a with regard to orchards and fountains. In the middle of the 16th century, Sana’a again expanded by adding the ”Qa’a Al-Yahud”, The Jewish Quarter”. Old Sana’a was encircled by rampart (Sor) dating back to the first century but it grew with the expansion of the city to include the new quarters. The rampart was in the shape of an 8, and used to have six gates, four of which were used for the old city. These gates were closed each night at 8.00 o’clock and were opened before the dawn prayer at 4.00 am. Today only the southern gate (Bab Al-Yemen) has survived. Many parts of the rampart together with its towers have collapsed but still some parts exist. Particularly the eastern and the southern part adjacent to Bab Al-Yemen.? :::::::::::Shibam Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see photo Shibam in the Hadramawt is know as Manhattan of the Desert. Rising up from the desert sands, you see hunderds of 6 storey buildings. Well, Manhattan is a bit higher, but then again it wasn't built 1000 years ago. Walk the streets stroll through the nearby palm groves and gaze out at the sand dunes. The main attraction is the Friday Mosque (from the 10th century). If time permits drive a few hours to see the rocky town of Hajarayn ::::::::::Socotra Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Dragon Blood Tree, an endemic plant in Socotra Dragon Blood Tree, an endemic plant in Socotra Socotran Conservation Socoety Socotra Island is really the Galapagos of the Indian Ocean ( Arabian Sea ). It is the last refuge of the -almost instinct, a remote Yemeni island off the horn of Africa . It is the biggest Yemeni island and its area is about 3650 Km2. It is located to the east Gulf of Aden and it is about 880 Km off Aden city (The Free Zone). The nearest point in the main land to Socotra is Ras Fartak in Almahara Governorate which is about 380 Km. The island is home to many rare species of plants, insects, animals, and birds, which live there, almost undisturbed. It is necessary to safeguard this rare biodiversity in the island and its marine surrounding against the sort of development that has destroyed almost every comparable island in the world. The island had remained in isolation and off-limits to visitors till president Ali Abdullah Salih opened the island's first tarmac airstrip in 1999. Before that, it used to be accessible only by small turbo-prop planes and only outside the monsoon season. Now, Yemenia two weekly flights by jetliners, one from Aden and one from Sana’a give an opportunity to tourists to visit the island. Geologically no one knows exactly, when but some millions of years ago Socotra split away from the mainland, Arabia and Africa . It has since evolved in perfect isolation. There are more than 900 plant species in the island and a third of them exist no where else in the world. A trip into the Higher Mountains reveals a bizarre landscape dotted by Dragon's Blood Trees (the Two Brothers blood Trees), shaped like inside-out umbrella. There are about 150 kinds of birds live in the island and six kinds are indigenous and three kinds are globally subjected to extinction. Historically, the island has been renowned as one of the main producers of Frankincense, Myrrh and Laudanum!! of the best quality. Such commodities were used in temples during the religious rites in the ancient times. Also remedies have been extracted from the island's plants, such as "Cinnabar" (a red substance produces by the Two Brothers Blood Trees) and Taif or Aloe Perry extract. However, this unique biodiversity in the island and its marine surroundings enriching with precious fish-wealth, coral reefs and other marine lives has become threatened by predators who sniffing their preys of such rare plants, animals, and birds. Also the gross exploitation of the fish wealth exposes it to loss. Therefore, the island must be protected carefully. The Socotran citizens, the authorities in charge, the environmentalists and the nature conservationists should cooperate in order to vigilantly protect this incomparable natural museum against any damages. ::::::::::Thola Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Located 54 km north west Sana’a, one of the most important historic cities, named Thola after Tola bin Lobakha bin Iqian bin Himiar Al-Asghar. Thola is set at 2400 meter above sea level. Sights include high palaces and modern buildings, markets, many mosques as Al-Motahir Bin Imam Sharafidin mosque, who died on 980 Hejra, It is located on a mountain which contain the unconquerable castle and many large caves and grain reservoirs, water pools and Himiaric antiquities. ::::::::: Climate: The climate in Yemen is various and depends on the different altitude of the regions. In the mountains, it can be cool (at night & early morning, otherwise warm days) and moderate on the coast of Indian Ocean and the Red Sea in winter. In summer, it is fresh and moderate in the mountains and can be hot but bearable on the coasts and the deserts. Yemen ’s climate could be classified under three climate zones: Tihaman (stretched along the Red Sea ), the south coastal strip- the hot and humid coastal strip. In winter, the climate in the coastal area is relatively moderate. Occasional rains in summer are caused by the monsoon coming from high temperatures in the coastal area during summer. The weather in the mountain areas is moderate in summer and relatively cold in winter. During winter, it becomes especially cold at night and in the early morning with pleasant sunny days. Author : Kimo, Abdullah Kamil , Khaldoon and Abdulsalam Qasim |
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GNU Free Documentation License Esso utilizza materiale tratto da http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen Cronologia/Autori: http://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yemen&action=history YemenDa Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.Questa voce è solo un abbozzo (stub).
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Lo Yemen, unico regime repubblicano della Penisola araba, è uno Stato posto alla estremità meridionale del suddetto corpo peninsulare del Medio Oriente ed è chiamato ufficialmente Repubblica Unita dello Yemen. Confina a nord con l'Arabia Saudita e a est con l'Oman. Le sue coste sono bagnate a ovest dal Mar Rosso e a sud dal Golfo di Aden (Oceano Indiano). La repubblica dello Yemen, oltre al territorio continentale, comprende l'arcipelago di Socotra, composto da quattro isole di cui l'isola di Socotra nell'Oceano Indiano, e gli arcipelaghi di Perim e Kameran nel Mar Rosso.
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Storia
Fino almeno dal secondo millennio a.C. nella regione si sono insediate popolazioni che hanno sfruttato le particolari caratteristiche orogenetiche del territorio. Ricco di alture e di corsi d'acqua a carattere perenne, lo Yemen (dalla radice linguistica semitica <y-m-n>, lett. "destro" o "meridionale") ospita un tipo di vegetazione che produce sostanze particolarmente appetite dalle culture circostanti, che in Greci chiamavano aromata e che, sinteticamente, possiamo riferire essenzialmente all'incenso. La capacità di influire idrograficamente sul territorio ha permesso, fin dalle epoche più antiche, ai Sabei che colonizzarono il paese di mettere a frutto la fertilità del suolo, tanto da legittimare il detto beduino secondo cui lo Yemen è un posto in cui non sono necessarie le provviste perché la natura dà tutto. Prima del 1990 lo Yemen era in realtà comprensivo di due Stati confinanti: la Repubblica Araba dello Yemen e la Repubblica Democratica Popolare dello Yemen, poi unificatisi.
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| Yemen Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see photo_2 Yemen is located in the south-west corner of the Arabian Peninsula. It borders on Saudi Arabia and Oman in the north and has the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean as . Yemen used to be known as Arabia Felix, the happy Arabia, because of its richness, but nowadays it is the second poorest country in the Arabic world (only Mauritania has a lower per capita GDP. Yemen is one of the most beautiful countries in the world. You will feel like you jumped back in time, some good thousand years. Men and women still wear traditional garb, the houses look like pictures from your children's Bible (or Koran). |
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| Sanaa the capital is great and is probably your point of entry. The old city is on the world heritage list of UNESCO. Marib is another must see. The Great Marib Dam is a very impressive structure and shows how developed early Yemenite civilizations were. Shibam is dubbed the Manhattan of the desert and is far away but very pretty. |
| You are sure never to forget a trip to Yemen. Either you enjoy the fantastic
ancient architecture, have a great time in the beautiful mountains and
appreciate the desert landscapes. ---- New content, to be integrated with the actual one. If you wanna help :-) ---- General Information on Yemen Background: Arabia Felix in Latin and Arabia Eudemon in Greek, this what Yemen was so-called in the ancient world. Both names mean “ Arabia the Blessed”. This because of its fertile land that grew endemic cereals, fruit, resin, spices and aromatic trees that produced fragrant substances such as, frankincense and myrrh which were used in the ritual ceremonies in Temples. In Yemen , great civilizations were erected. The most famed civilization was Saba or Sheba . The Sabaeans established Dams to irrigate their lands and they constructed the greatest Dam in the ancient world, Marib Dam (about 610 BC), its remains have been still so far. The kingdom of Sheba flourished and became wealthy owing to its monopoly to the trade routes between ancient East and West Civilizations. One of the Sabaean Rulers was the Queen Bilquis (the Queen of Sheba) who was very renowned when she undertook a journey to meet the Prophet Solomon. The Story of this Queen mentioned in the Holly Qura’an and the Bible, too. She established her capital in Marib (about 2500 yeas ago). Many remains of the Queen’s Throne, Temples have remained so far. So Marib is considered one of the most significant archeological sites in Yemen . In the 17 th century, Yemen had well known reputation in Europe for trading Yemeni coffee, which was considered the finest coffee.. The Red Sea Mokha port (some of the famous coffee shops bear the name of Mokha in Europe ) had become one of the busiest ports of its day. Some of the European merchant transported Yemeni coffee plants to several regions in the world such as Indonesia , Brazil and Jamaica . Yemen Today: Formal Name: Republic of Yemen 1. Yemen , officially the Republic of Yemen , re-unified on 22nd of May1990 (one of the most important Yemeni National Days). Before the unification, Yemen had been divided into two parts, North Yemen and South Yemen . The Republic of Yemen is a democratic country. The people of Yemen are the possessors and the source of legitimacy and power, which they execute directly through referendum and elections. It is a constitutional State; its governmental system is founded on the basis of the pluralism with three powers, judicial, legislative and executive. 4. Ethnic Origin : The majority is Arabic origins with a minority from Africa, India , and Europe 5. Capital City : Sana’a 6. Main Cities : Sana’a, Aden (the main harbor and the free zone), Taiz, Hodaidah, Mukala. 7. Main Travel Ways to and from Country, by air, sea and land: By land through the northern Yemeni Saudi borders, and the eastern Yemeni Omani borders, by sea, through Hodaidah Harbor at the Red Sea, and Aden Harbor at the Arab Sea, by air via Yemenia Airways and other international airways. 8. Main tourist Travel and Transportation of Country, By land, air and sea: by land there are many travel agencies, public modern transportation buses, by air via Yemenia Airways, by sea via tourist yachts and ships . 9. Tourism Foundations and Establishments: - Tourism Ministry and Establishments: Ministry of Culture and Tourism, General Authority for Tourism Development, and Yemen Tourism Promotion Board. - Tourist Foundations and Agencies: Please see the Web Site www.yementourism.com - Airways: Yemenia Airways, and many other international airways. - Hotels: Please see the above-mentioned web site. - Restaurants: Please see the above mentioned web site - Parks and Playgrounds: There are three major parks in Sana’a city: Al Thoura, and Al Sabbeen Parks, and the Zoo. There is a park in Taiz city and a park in Aden city in addition there are many wonderful sightseeings in many places and regions throughout Yemen . There are two major football stadiums: one in Sana’a city and another in Aden (modern one) further, there are many playgrounds existed in different Yemeni cities. 10. Cultural Foundations - Ministry of Culture and its Establishments: Ministry of Culture and Tourism, general Authority for Tourism Development, Tourism Promotion Board, General Authority for Antiquity and Manuscripts and Museums, General Authority for Conserving Ancient Cities, and The Cultural Center (includes the main theater stage in Sana’a). - Universities: There are 7 public universities, the major universities are: Sana’a University, Aden University , Taiz University , Hodaidah University , Hadramout University Location: The Republic of Yemen is located in the southern west corner of the Arabian Peninsula, in the southern west part of Asia . Saudi Arabia borders it in the north, Arab Sea and the Indian Ocean in the south, Sultanate Oman from east, and Red Sea from west. Its area is stretched between Latitude 12-19 degrees north of the Equator, and Longitude 41-54 East of Greenwich. Area: The total area o f Yemen is approximately 555,000 km 2 , excluding Al Rub al-Khali (The Empty Quarter Desert). Population: The population of Yemen is approximately 19,700,000. (Central Statistic Organ. Aug., 2003) Language: Arabic is the official language and English language is the second language. Religion: Islam is the official religion. There is a Jewish minority, too. Time zone: G.M.T.+3hrs. Currency: Yemeni RHistory Edit This Sheba's Ruins (Marib) Sheba's Ruins (Marib) Tourist in Yemen Yemen is one of the oldest centers of civilization in the Near East. Between the 12th century BC and the 6th century AD it was part of the Minaean Sabaean and Himyarite kingdoms which controlled the lucrative spice trade and later came under Ethiopian and Persian rule. In the 7th century Islamic caliphs began to exert control over the area. After this broke up the former north Yemen came under control of Imams of various dynasties usually of the Zaidi sect who established a theocratic political structure that survived until modern times. (Imam is a religious term. The Shiites apply it to the prophet Muhammad's son-in-law Ali his sons Hasan and Hussein and subsequent lineal descendants whom they consider to have been divinely ordained unclassified successors of the prophet.) Egyptian Sunni caliphs occupied much of north Yemen throughout the 11th century. By the 16th century and again in the 19th century north Yemen was part of the Ottoman empire and in some periods its Imams exerted suzerainty over south turkey Former North Yemen Ottoman government control was largely confined to cities with the Imam's suzerainty over tribal areas formally recognized. Turkish forces withdrew in 1918 and Imam Yahya strengthened his control over north Yemen. Yemen became a member of the Arab league in 1945 and the United Nations in 1947. Imam Yahya died during an unsuccessful coup attempt in 1948 and was succeeded by his son Ahmad who ruled until his death in September 1962. Imam Ahmad's reign was marked by growing repression renewed friction with the United Kingdom over the British presence in the south and growing pressures to support the Arab nationalist objectives of Egyptian President Qamal Abdul Nasser. Shortly after assuming power in 1962 Ahmad's son Badr was deposed by revolutionary forces which took control of Sanaa and created the Yemen Arab Republic (YAR). Egypt assisted the YAR with troops and supplies to combat forces loyal to the Imamate. Saudi Arabia and Jordan supported Badr's royalist forces to oppose the newly formed republic. Conflict continued periodically until 1967 when Egyptian troops were withdrawn. By 1968 following a final royalist siege of Sanaa most of the opposing leaders reached a reconciliation; Saudi Arabia recognized the Republic in 1970. Former South Yemen British influence increased in the south and eastern portion of Yemen after the British captured the port of Aden in 1839. It was ruled as part of British India until 1937 when Aden was made a crown colony with the remaining land designated as east Aden and west Aden protectorates. By 1965 most of the tribal states within the protectorates and the Aden colony proper had joined to form the British-sponsored federation of south Arabia. In 1965 two rival nationalist groups--the Front for the Liberation of Occupied South Yemen (FLOSY) and the National Liberation Front (NLF)--turned to terrorism in their struggle to control the country. In 1967 in the face of uncontrollable violence British troops began withdrawing federation rule collapsed and NLF elements took control after eliminating their FLOSY rivals. South Arabia including Aden was declared independent on November 30 1967 and was renamed the People's Republic of South Yemen. In June 1969 a radical wing of the Marxist NLF gained power and changed the country's name on December 1 1970 to the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY). In the PDRY all political parties were amalgamated into the Yemeni Socialist Party (YSP) which became the only legal party. The PDRY established close ties with the Soviet Union China Cuba and radical Palestinians. Republic of Yemen In 1972 the governments of the PDRY and the YAR declared that they approved a future union. However little progress was made toward unification and relations were often strained. In 1979 simmering tensions led to fighting which was only resolved after Arab League mediation. The goal of unity was reaffirmed by the northern and southern heads of state during a summit meeting in Kuwait in March 1979. However that same year the PDRY began sponsoring an insurgency against the YAR. In April 1980 PDRY President Abdul Fattah Ismail resigned and went into exile. His successor Ali Nasir Muhammad took a less interventionist stance toward both the YAR and neighboring Oman. On January 13 1986 a violent struggle began in Aden between Ali Nasir Muhammad and the returned Abdul Fattah Ismail and their supporters. Fighting lasted for more than a month and resulted in thousands of casualties Ali Nasir's ouster and Ismail's death. Some 60 000 persons including Ali Nasir and his supporters fled to the YAR. In May 1988 the YAR and PDRY governments came to an understanding that considerably reduced tensions including agreement to renew discussions concerning unification to establish a joint oil exploration area along their undefined border to demilitarize the border and to allow Yemenis unrestricted border passage on the basis of only a national identification card. In November 1989 the leaders of the YAR (Ali Abdallah Salih) and the PDRY (Ali Salim Al-Bidh) agreed on a draft unity constitution originally drawn up in 1981. The Republic of Yemen (ROY) was declared on May 22 1990. Ali Abdallah Salih became President and Ali Salim Al-Bidh became Vice President. A 30-month transitional period for completing the unification of the two political and economic systems was set. A presidential council was jointly elected by the 26-member YAR advisory council and the 17-member PDRY presidium. The presidential council appointed a Prime Minister who formed a Cabinet. There was also a 301-seat provisional unified Parliament consisting of 159 members from the north 111 members from the south and 31 independent "at-large" members appointed by the chairman of the council. A unity constitution was agreed upon in May 1990 and ratified by the populace in May 1991. It affirmed Yemen's commitment to free elections a multi-party political system the right to own private property equality under the law and respect of basic human rights. Parliamentary elections were held on April 27 1993. International groups assisted in the organization of the elections and observed actual balloting. The resulting Parliament included 143 GPC 69 YSP 63 Islaah (Yemeni grouping for reform a party composed of various tribal and religious groups) 6 Baathis 3 Nasserists 2 Al Haq and 15 independents. The head of Islaah Paramount Hashid Sheik Abdallah Bin Husayn Al-Ahmar is the speaker of Parliament. Islaah was invited into the ruling coalition and the presidential council was altered to include one Islaah member. Conflicts within the coalition resulted in the self-imposed exile of Vice President Ali Salim Al-Bidh to Aden beginning in August 1993 and a deterioration in the general security situation as political rivals settled scores and tribal elements took advantage of the unsettled situation. Haydar Abu Bakr Al-Attas (former southern Prime Minister) continued to serve as the ROY Prime Minister but his government was ineffective due to political infighting. Continuous negotiations between northern and southern leaders resulted in the signing of the document of pledge and accord in Amman Jordan on February 20 1994. Despite this clashes intensified until civil war broke out in early May ail (YR), visitors can exchange currencies in exchange establishments spread all around Yemeni cities. 1$=184.50 YR(April,2004) __________Economy Edit This Economy—overview: The northern city Sanaa is the political capital of a united Yemen and the southern city Aden with its refinery and port facilities is the economic and commercial capital. Future economic development depends heavily on the attraction of foreign investment to diversify the economy. Former South Yemen's willingness to merge stemmed partly from the sharp decline in Soviet economic support. The low level of domestic industry and agriculture has made northern Yemen dependent on imports for practically all of its essential needs. Once self-sufficient in food production northern Yemen has become a major importer. Land once used for export crops—cotton fruit and vegetables - has been turned over to growing a shrub called qat whose leaves are chewed for their stimulant effect by Yemenis and which has no significant export market. Economic growth in former South Yemen has been constrained by a lack of incentives partly stemming from centralized control over production decisions investment allocation and import choices. Yemen's GDP has been supplemented by remittances from Yemenis working abroad and by foreign aid. Since the Gulf crisis however remittances have dropped substantially. Floods in June 1996 caused the loss of much valuable topsoil in the agricultural sector increasing the need for imports of foodstuffs. Oil production and GDP as a whole are expected to increase moderately in 1998. GDP: purchasing power parity—$31.8 billion (1997 est.) GDP—real growth rate: 5% (1997 est.) GDP—per capita: purchasing power parity—$2 300 (1997 est.) GDP—composition by sector: agriculture: 15% industry: 39% services: 46% (1995) Inflation rate—consumer price index: 5% (1997 est.) Labor force: no reliable estimates exist most people are employed in agriculture and herding or as expatriate laborers; services construction industry and commerce account for less than one-half of the labor force Unemployment rate: 30% (1995 est.) Budget: revenues: $2.6 billion expenditures: $2.7 billion including capital expenditures of $1.1 billion (1998 est.) Industries: crude oil production and petroleum refining; small-scale production of cotton textiles and leather goods; food processing; handicrafts; small aluminum products factory; cement Industrial production growth rate: NA% Electricity—capacity: 810 000 kW (1995) Electricity—production: 1.85 billion kWh (1995) Electricity—consumption per capita: 126 kWh (1995) Agriculture—products: grain fruits vegetables qat (mildly narcotic shrub) coffee cotton; dairy products poultry meat; fish Exports: total value: $2.3 billion (f.o.b. 1997 est.) commodities: crude oil cotton coffee dried and salted fish partners: China 23% South Korea 19% Thailand 14% Brazil 13% Japan 12% Thailand 7% (1995) Imports: total value: $2.3 billion (f.o.b. 1997 est.) commodities: textiles and other manufactured consumer goods petroleum products foodstuffs cement machinery chemicals partners: US 12% France 11% UAE 10% Saudi Arabia 7% UK 5% (1995) Debt—external: $8 billion (1996) Economic aid: recipient: ODA $148 million (1993) Currency: Yemeni rial (YRl) (new currency) Exchange rates: Yemeni rials (YRl) per US$1—129.158 (1997) 94.157 (1996) 40.839 (1995) 12.010 (official fixed rate 1991-94) Fiscal year: calendar year ___________Tours and Excursions Edit This From Sanaa, it is possible to rent a car with the driver for one or several days. You have just to feed him and pay him of course. It is quite cheap and he will show you exactly what to see and will arrange everything like eating, shopping, photos, police controls etc... It is not that easy, you need a travel permit and for some areas the traveler can go only by a Yemeni tour-operator. Better to book in advance with an official company there. Pay more and you are safe and secure. Myself had a good experience with Yemen Explorer Tours - a special interest tour-operator who have 70% individual groups. Always online and helpful. Norman Shawn, 11 Nov 2007 ___________People Edit This Jewish Child Jewish Child Tourist in Yemen Population: 16 387 963 (July 1998 est.) note: other estimates range as high as 16.6 million Age structure: 0-14 years: 48% (male 4 016 052; female 3 859 079) 15-64 years: 49% (male 4 066 601; female 3 902 686) 65 years and over: 3% (male 280 152; female 263 393) (July 1998 est.) Population growth rate: 3.31% (1998 est.) Birth rate: 43.36 births/1 000 population (1998 est.) Death rate: 10.27 deaths/1 000 population (1998 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1 000 population (1998 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.06 male(s)/female (1998 est.) Infant mortality rate: 72.2 deaths/1 000 live births (1998 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 59.47 years male: 57.71 years female: 61.32 years (1998 est.) Total fertility rate: 7.14 children born/woman (1998 est.) Nationality: noun: Yemeni(s) adjective: Yemeni Ethnic groups: predominantly Arab; Afro-Arab concentrations in western coastal locations; South Asians in southern regions; small European communities in major metropolitan areas Religions: Muslim including Shaf'i (Sunni) and Zaydi (Shi'a) small numbers of Jewish Christian and Hindu Languages: Arabic Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 38% male: 53% female: 26% (1990 est.) :::::::::::Aden Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Port of Aden Port of Aden Aden is the old capital of south Yemen. It is still one of the most modern cities in the world, it is a busy port and more open to external influences than the rest of the country. The oldest part of the city is known as the Crater, since it lies in the crater of an extinct volcano. Here you find most of the old buildings in Aden. An interesting site is the Aden Tanks, man-made reservoirs, partly cut out of the rock, with a storage capacity of 50 million litres. When it rains, the upper basins fill up first and then overflow into the lower basins. To see the traditional boats head to the Maallah district. For beaches head south of Aden, to a town called Little Aden, also located in the crater of an extinct volcano; this is an area of small fishing villages in sheltered bays, with several superb beaches fringing the Indian Ocean. Main districts: - Cratar - Khormaxar - Little Aden - Gold Mohur - Sheikh Othman - Maallah - Mansoora - Tawahi :::::::::Baraqish Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Baraqish is an old city close to Marib it can be seen as a daytrip from there. Baraqish is located in the semi-arid area on the road to Hazm Al-Jawf, 125km, 125km from Sanaa. Baraqish stands on top of a lofty hill with a magnificent castle sealed off by a highly fortified wall, as high as 8 meters in some places, are in good condition. The wall has 57 towers and tow gates, one in the east and one in the western part of the wall. The most striking feature of the city is the ruins of the temple, located in the southern part of the city. The temple reflects the dominant from of architecture used by the Ma’eenis and consists of 16 columns and beams. Archeologists believe that this was the Athter Temple, the Morning Star or Venus, Goddess of love. There is anther temple in the center of the city but only 4 columns can be seen. Many inscriptions can be found on the city wall’s faced. The city was inhabited unit the 1960s. There are further historical sites dating back to the Ma’een dynasty in Majzer district not far from Baraqish: to the west Ahqaf and Duroub Al-Sabi and, to the east, the site of Kharbat Al-Lisan. From a point on the northern side of Balaq Mountain, overlooking Wadi Dhanah, one can see the two gates of the Great Dam, the lake of the new dam and the ruins of the old canals. Far a way, one can see the Dhanah Valley Delta or Valley of Sheba’, historically Known as the Land of two Heavens’. The road stretches to the Balaq mountain passing by the northern gate of the Great Dam. ::::::::::Hadramawt Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Hadramawt is a mountainous region home to nomadic tribes. This vast and scenic area stretches 350 mi/565 km from the Arabian Sea to the Saudi border. The area may be far away and hard to get to, but it has some stunning scenery and one of the most fantastic sights in the world: Shibam ::::::::::Jibla Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see The Town of Jibla , which is situated 8 km southwest of the City of Ibb and at an elevation of 2,400 meters above sea level, is a well – known tourist town. In the past, it used to be called the City of Nahrain (or of the Two Rivers, because it lies between two rivers. The Sulaihi King Abdullah Ibn Ali Al-Sulaihi expanded it in the Year 458 AH and he gave it its present name and made it the capital of the Sulaihi Kingdom , which was successfully able to unite all of Yemen under one state. The Town of Jiblah saw its prosperity during the reign of Queen Arwa Bint Ahmed Bin Mohammed Al-Sulaihi (1067 – 1138 AD), who is the second queen to rule Yemen after Queen Bilquis, who was reputably known as the Queen of Sheba, who ruled Yemen in biblical times (King Solomon's time). Queen Arwa was highly intellectual, cultured and wise in the running of the affairs of her state, and was also very much loved by her subjects. She left a lot of remains and important cultural achievements in several regions, including the construction of the Jibla Mosque and paving the city streets with stones and qadhadh, the local traditional cement material. The city includes the Palace of Dar Al- 'Izz (the House of Greatness or Nobility), which is situated in the area called Hafat Al-Dar or the (Rim of the House). The architectural style of the city is similar to that of the Old City of Ibb, and Jibla is surrounded by natural landscape beauty. It appears from a distance to be like a pyramid, inside of which are inlaid the homes and mosque minarets, all of which are surrounded by the mountain farm terraces and hills that are clad in a beautiful green covering throughout the year. The town became famous as a scholastic and intellectual center for many centuries. One of the famous schools of Jibla is still functioning as one of the auxiliaries of the Queen Arwa Mosque. The mosque also contains the Tomb of Queen Arwa. ::::::::::Marib Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see history history pic Marib is located in the east of Yemen. High mountains, beautiful valleys, plains and desert are all nearby. The most important valley in Marib is Wadi Dhanah or Shebe Valley’, in the banks of which flourished the Sabean dynasty, the foundation of Yemeni history. Marib is the most famous ancient city in Yemen. The old city of Marib lies in the Sabean plains on the outskirts of the east Yemen desert Mafazet Saihad’. It’s strategic position lends itself to its important role in history, as it controlled the ancient incense routs. It was a meeting point for caravans coming from the Qana port on the Arabian Sea coast, crossing the Wadi Hadhramout. Close to the city are many attractions, the most famopus being the Great Marib Dam. All of these can easily be seen as daytrips from the city. :::::::::Sanaa Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see photo Sana’a, the capital of Yemen is spectacularly beautiful. It's a fascinating city with unique architecture. It seems as if you were back in the middle ages in some tale of Arabian Nights. The way people dress and the way the buildings look has not changed the last thousand years. even new-Sana looks and feels old. The city is set in a pretty valley highlighted by rugged mountains. The houses of old Sana’a are known as ’tower houses’ with some reaching eight storeys. In old Sana’a there are more than 14,000 of such houses. From the middle of old Sana’a cow market (Soq al-bakar), one can walk 500m in any direction without coming across new buildings. The ground and first floors of the old city houses are built of stone with the upper floors being built of mud. The floors are separated from one another with a strip of the same building material. The rooms are lit with marble arched stained-glass windows. The exterior walls are decorated with ornaments coated with lime in an up- Dated architectural style and similar materials. The ground floors are used as stores, while the large first floors are used for entertaining. There are also rooms allocated for women and children. The Mafraj is the male domain, located at the top of the house, and is a rectangular room with broad windows allowing good sight of the surrounding. It is the most decorated and beautiful room in the house. A new quarter was added to Sana’a in the 14-th century called Quarter of Beer al-Azab, which was populated by the senior officials. This quarter was distinct in its architectural style differing from that of Old Sana’a with regard to orchards and fountains. In the middle of the 16th century, Sana’a again expanded by adding the ”Qa’a Al-Yahud”, The Jewish Quarter”. Old Sana’a was encircled by rampart (Sor) dating back to the first century but it grew with the expansion of the city to include the new quarters. The rampart was in the shape of an 8, and used to have six gates, four of which were used for the old city. These gates were closed each night at 8.00 o’clock and were opened before the dawn prayer at 4.00 am. Today only the southern gate (Bab Al-Yemen) has survived. Many parts of the rampart together with its towers have collapsed but still some parts exist. Particularly the eastern and the southern part adjacent to Bab Al-Yemen.? :::::::::::Shibam Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see photo Shibam in the Hadramawt is know as Manhattan of the Desert. Rising up from the desert sands, you see hunderds of 6 storey buildings. Well, Manhattan is a bit higher, but then again it wasn't built 1000 years ago. Walk the streets stroll through the nearby palm groves and gaze out at the sand dunes. The main attraction is the Friday Mosque (from the 10th century). If time permits drive a few hours to see the rocky town of Hajarayn ::::::::::Socotra Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Dragon Blood Tree, an endemic plant in Socotra Dragon Blood Tree, an endemic plant in Socotra Socotran Conservation Socoety Socotra Island is really the Galapagos of the Indian Ocean ( Arabian Sea ). It is the last refuge of the -almost instinct, a remote Yemeni island off the horn of Africa . It is the biggest Yemeni island and its area is about 3650 Km2. It is located to the east Gulf of Aden and it is about 880 Km off Aden city (The Free Zone). The nearest point in the main land to Socotra is Ras Fartak in Almahara Governorate which is about 380 Km. The island is home to many rare species of plants, insects, animals, and birds, which live there, almost undisturbed. It is necessary to safeguard this rare biodiversity in the island and its marine surrounding against the sort of development that has destroyed almost every comparable island in the world. The island had remained in isolation and off-limits to visitors till president Ali Abdullah Salih opened the island's first tarmac airstrip in 1999. Before that, it used to be accessible only by small turbo-prop planes and only outside the monsoon season. Now, Yemenia two weekly flights by jetliners, one from Aden and one from Sana’a give an opportunity to tourists to visit the island. Geologically no one knows exactly, when but some millions of years ago Socotra split away from the mainland, Arabia and Africa . It has since evolved in perfect isolation. There are more than 900 plant species in the island and a third of them exist no where else in the world. A trip into the Higher Mountains reveals a bizarre landscape dotted by Dragon's Blood Trees (the Two Brothers blood Trees), shaped like inside-out umbrella. There are about 150 kinds of birds live in the island and six kinds are indigenous and three kinds are globally subjected to extinction. Historically, the island has been renowned as one of the main producers of Frankincense, Myrrh and Laudanum!! of the best quality. Such commodities were used in temples during the religious rites in the ancient times. Also remedies have been extracted from the island's plants, such as "Cinnabar" (a red substance produces by the Two Brothers Blood Trees) and Taif or Aloe Perry extract. However, this unique biodiversity in the island and its marine surroundings enriching with precious fish-wealth, coral reefs and other marine lives has become threatened by predators who sniffing their preys of such rare plants, animals, and birds. Also the gross exploitation of the fish wealth exposes it to loss. Therefore, the island must be protected carefully. The Socotran citizens, the authorities in charge, the environmentalists and the nature conservationists should cooperate in order to vigilantly protect this incomparable natural museum against any damages. ::::::::::Thola Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Located 54 km north west Sana’a, one of the most important historic cities, named Thola after Tola bin Lobakha bin Iqian bin Himiar Al-Asghar. Thola is set at 2400 meter above sea level. Sights include high palaces and modern buildings, markets, many mosques as Al-Motahir Bin Imam Sharafidin mosque, who died on 980 Hejra, It is located on a mountain which contain the unconquerable castle and many large caves and grain reservoirs, water pools and Himiaric antiquities. ::::::::: Climate: The climate in Yemen is various and depends on the different altitude of the regions. In the mountains, it can be cool (at night & early morning, otherwise warm days) and moderate on the coast of Indian Ocean and the Red Sea in winter. In summer, it is fresh and moderate in the mountains and can be hot but bearable on the coasts and the deserts. Yemen ’s climate could be classified under three climate zones: Tihaman (stretched along the Red Sea ), the south coastal strip- the hot and humid coastal strip. In winter, the climate in the coastal area is relatively moderate. Occasional rains in summer are caused by the monsoon coming from high temperatures in the coastal area during summer. The weather in the mountain areas is moderate in summer and relatively cold in winter. During winter, it becomes especially cold at night and in the early morning with pleasant sunny days. Author : Kimo, Abdullah Kamil , Khaldoon and Abdulsalam Qasim |
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Lo Yemen, unico regime repubblicano della Penisola araba, è uno Stato posto alla estremità meridionale del suddetto corpo peninsulare del Medio Oriente ed è chiamato ufficialmente Repubblica Unita dello Yemen. Confina a nord con l'Arabia Saudita e a est con l'Oman. Le sue coste sono bagnate a ovest dal Mar Rosso e a sud dal Golfo di Aden (Oceano Indiano). La repubblica dello Yemen, oltre al territorio continentale, comprende l'arcipelago di Socotra, composto da quattro isole di cui l'isola di Socotra nell'Oceano Indiano, e gli arcipelaghi di Perim e Kameran nel Mar Rosso.
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Storia
Fino almeno dal secondo millennio a.C. nella regione si sono insediate popolazioni che hanno sfruttato le particolari caratteristiche orogenetiche del territorio. Ricco di alture e di corsi d'acqua a carattere perenne, lo Yemen (dalla radice linguistica semitica <y-m-n>, lett. "destro" o "meridionale") ospita un tipo di vegetazione che produce sostanze particolarmente appetite dalle culture circostanti, che in Greci chiamavano aromata e che, sinteticamente, possiamo riferire essenzialmente all'incenso. La capacità di influire idrograficamente sul territorio ha permesso, fin dalle epoche più antiche, ai Sabei che colonizzarono il paese di mettere a frutto la fertilità del suolo, tanto da legittimare il detto beduino secondo cui lo Yemen è un posto in cui non sono necessarie le provviste perché la natura dà tutto. Prima del 1990 lo Yemen era in realtà comprensivo di due Stati confinanti: la Repubblica Araba dello Yemen e la Repubblica Democratica Popolare dello Yemen, poi unificatisi.
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Collegamenti esterni
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