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| Reykjavik Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Reykjavk, a lot of Public Modern Art in this city, here in front of Hallgrmskirkja Reykjavk, a lot of Public Modern Art in this city, here in front of Hallgrmskirkja HollandTraveler Iceland's capital is different from other European cities. It is the world's northernmost capital, and one of the newest, having established itself only in the late 19th century.Reykjavk offers all the pleasures of a modern European city and additionally an interesting old town, white-washed wooden buildings, and lines of brightly painted concrete houses. Almost all places of interest are within a walking distance of the old settlement. The Old Town is centered around the Tjrnin, a small pond on whose shores, Inglfur Arnarson, founded the original settlement in 874. It is here where both the Town Hall and Aling, or National Assembly, is located. Contemporary Reykjavk starts east of the Old Town, and features the shopping high street, Laugavegur, and Hallgrmskirkja, an imposing church resembling a chunk of volcanic basalt. The tower of the church is the city's most noticeable structure. Begun in the late 1940s and completed in 1974, the church is named after Iceland's best-known poet, Hallgrmur Ptursson. You can wander its stark, light-filled interior, then take a lift to the top of a 75m-high (246ft) tower which offers superb views of the city. On the lawn is a statue of Leifur Erksson, triumphantly identified as the 'Son of Iceland, Discoverer of Vinland' (believed to be Newfoundland or Labrador). Anybody interested in Norse and Icelandic culture should head for the National Museum, which houses objects of religious and folk relics, and tools dating from the period of Settlement. The most renowned is a church door, carved around 1200, which depicts a Norse battle scene, while residing in the basement are nautical and agricultural tools and models of early fishing boats and ingenious farm implements. Immediately behind the museum is the rni Magnsson Institute, a must-see for Saga fans with a famous collection of works, including the Landnmabk and Njls Saga. Budget accommodation, cheap eats and bargain shopping are found in the Old Town area of Reykjavik. For entertainment, there is cinema, cultural performances and light shows (sagas, Settlement and Viking extravaganzas)and also "Runtur", which is a Northern equivalent of pub crawling! __________Sights Edit This Dome of the Pearl Dome of the Pearl Peter Schouten Iceland is of course one big collection of sights, but these are the must-see places in the Reykjavik area. Contributors May 28, 2007 new by filminfo [Add Sight] The Pearl (Perlan) Edit This Dome of the Pearl Dome of the Pearl photo by: Peter Schouten Located on Oskjuhlid hill, this landmark offers the best view of the city. On top of several tanks with hot water, a glass dome was built. You can go to the dome by use of an elevator, visit the cafe there, with an all around terrace overlooking the city and the local airport. There is also an (expensive) rotating restaurant, and a small wax museum on viking history. type: Landmarks World66 rating: [rate it] accessibility: good tel: +354 562 0200 openingHours: 10am-9pm url: www.perlan.is address: Oskjuhlid hill email: perlan@perlan.is ________Getting Around Edit This Getting to Reykjavk from the International airport at Kelfavik is a breeze. The Fly Bus meets each flight to transport arriving passengers just outside the air terminal. The bus ride to town takes only 45 minutes though amazing lunar landscape. For those travellers leaving Iceland, the Fly Bus leaves Icelandair Hotel Loftleiir 2 hours and 15 minutes before the departure of every flight. Long distance buses to all parts of Iceland leave from the Bus Terminal which is located within 15 minutes walking distance from Reykjavk downtown. The city centre, major sights and the clubs and bars are all within easy walking distance of each other, one of the best aspects of a visit to Reykjavik. The Reykjavk Bus Service provides visitors with a pleasant and convenient way to reach the outer parts of the Capital by bus,whether you want to visit museums, dine out, go for a swim, visit the City's picturesque locations or simply enjoy the sights from a bus. If you are touring Iceland by car, Reykjavik's busy roads can be an unexpected surprise, especially since some Icelanders can be rather aggressive drivers. Unlike in most western European countries, Icelandic traffic rules allow for taking over on the right as well as on the left on multi-laned roads, so be prepared for this especially if you are from western Europe. Discovering the city by car is probably not the best choice, and it is probably a good idea to park your car somewhere with easy access to the main roads and cover short distances on foot or by bus. The greater Reykjavik metropolitan area has two decent-sized shopping malls (Kringlan and Smralind) which are best reached by car if you have one at your disposal. ____________Getting There Edit This [Add Global transport mode] Iceland Express Edit This A low-fare airline that flies from London/Stanstead and Copenhagen airports to Iceland type: general World66 rating: [rate it] zipcode: 108 email: info@icelandexpress.is address: Sudurlandsbraut 24 url: icelandexpress.com tel: +354 550 0600 / +45 3538 3600 / +44 (0) 870 240 5600 __________Museums Edit This Reykjavk offers a great variety of museums. Icelandic and foreign artists display their work at the various art museums and galleries. Two historic museum can be found in the city as well as one excellent museum of natural sciences. Lovers of the arts and culture are in for a real treat in Reykjavk. Strong Icelandic tradition and international culture thrive side by side to weave a rich tapestry of delights and experiences for visitors. Visual art is flourishing in Reykjavk, with its twin flagships the National Gallery and the Municipal Art Museum (Kjarvalsstair). Adding colour to the scene is a rich array of exhibition places ranging from museums and galleries to the streets where happenings are performed. For the performing arts, Reykjavk - selected as one of the European Cultural Cities in the Year 2000 - hosts a symphony orchestra, opera, several theatre companies and a ballet company. The biennial Reykjavk Arts Festival features a packed programme of international celebrities and many top performers in all fields make a point of including Iceland's capital on their itineraries. There's something in Reykjavk to keep your soul fed and nourished virtually every day of the week, all year round. [Add Museum] The Icelandic Maritime Museum (Sjminjasafn slands) Edit This History of seamenship in Iceland. Open: Summer (1/6-31/8), daily 13.00-17.00. Also open on request. Winter (1/9-31/5), Saturdays and Sundays, 13.00-17.00 type: general World66 rating: [rate it] address: Vesturgata 6 tel: (+354) 565 4242 openings: Summer daily 13.00-17.00. Hafnarfjrur Folk Museum Edit This History of Hafnarfjrur village. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] email: museum@itn.is address: Vesturgata 5 /Hafnarfjrur openings: Summer (1/6-31/8), daily 13.00-17.00.;Winter (1/9-31/5), Saturdays and Sundays 13.00-17.00. tel: (+354) 555 4700 The Culture House (jmenningarhsi) Edit This Current exhibition on Icelandic history and culture. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] address: Hverfisgata 15 url: www.thjodmenning.is openings: Daily, 11.00-17.00. tel: (+354) 545 1400 Museum of Natural History (Nttrufrisafn slands) Edit This Icelandic flora and fauna. Summer (15/5-14/9), Sun., Tue., Thur., and Sat., 13.00-17.00. Winter (1/9-30/5), Sun., Tue., Thur., and Sat., 13.30-16.00. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] email: ni@ni.is address: Hlemmur 3 tel: (+354) 562 9822 The Living Art Museum (Nlistasafni) Edit This Contemporary art exhibitions. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] email: nylo@nylo.is address: Laugavegi 26 openings: Wednesdays-sundays 12:00-17:00 tel: (+354) 551 4350 url: www.nylo.is The National Museum of Iceland (jminjasafni) Edit This A brilliant museum with a concise display on the facets of Icelandic culture. The interactive multimedia make it one of the most advanced in public presentation as well. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] email: natmus@natmus.is address: Suurgata 41 tel: (+354) 552 8888 openingHours: 10-17 Summer, 11-17 Winter url: www.natmus.is Hafnarborg Art Gallery (Hafnarborg) Edit This Art exhibitions. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] email: hafnarborg@centrum.is address: Strandgata 34; Hafnarfjrur openings: Daily 12.00-18.00. Closed Tuesdays. tel: (+354) 555 0088 Gerarsafn, Kpavogur Art Gallery (Gerarsafn) Edit This Art exhibitions type: general World66 rating: [rate it] opening: Tue., Wed., Fri,. Sat., Sun. 11.00-17.00. Thur. 11.00-19.00. email: gerdarsafn@kopavogur.is address: Hamraborg 4 tel: (+354) 554 4501 Geruberg Cultural Center (Menningarmistin Gerubergi) Edit This Cultural Center for Breiholt, a suburb of Reykjavk. Exhibition hall and a library. Summer (1/6-31/8), Mon.-Thur. 09.00-21.00. Fri. 09.00-17.00. Closed Sat. and Sun. Winter (1/9-31/5), Mon.-Thur. 09.00-21.00. Fri. 09.00-17.00. Sat.-Sun. 12.00-16.00. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] email: gberg@skyrr.is address: Geruberg 3-5 openings: Summer Mon.-Thur. 09.00-21.00. Fri. 09.00-17.00. tel: (+354) 575 7700 The National Art Gallery (Listasafn slands) Edit This Icelandic art and other international exhibitions. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] email: list@natgall.is address: Frkirkjuvegur 7 url: www.listasafn.is openings: Tue.-Sun. 11.00-17.00. tel: (+354) 562 1000 Reykjavk Art Museum Edit This (Hafnarhsi - Listasafn Reykjavkur) Art exhibitons type: general World66 rating: [rate it] opening: Wed.- Fri. 11.00-18.00. Thur. 11.00-19.00. email: listasafn@reykjavik.is address: Tryggvagata 17 url: www.reykjavik.is tel: (+354) 511 5155 The sgrmur Jnsson Collection (sgrmssafn) Edit This Closed Mondays. The museum is closed during winter. Paintings by the artist. Contemporary art. Free admission. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] address: Bergstaastrti 74 tel: (+354) 562 1000 openings: Summer (1/6-31/8), Tue.-Sun. 13.30-16.00. smundur Sveinsson Sculpture Museum (smundarsafn) Edit This Sculptures by the artist. The sculpture garden is always open. Open: Summer (1/6-30/9), daily 10.00-16.00. Winter (1/10-3074), daily 13.00-16.00. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] email: listasafn@reykjavik.is address: Sigtn openings: Summer, daily 10.00-16.00. tel: (+354) 553 2155 Sigurjn lafsson Sculpture Museum (Listasafn Sigurjns lafssonar) Edit This Sculptures. In June, July and August concerts are held on Tuesdays at 20.30. Summer (1/6-31/8), Tue.-Sun. 14.00-17.00. Closed Mondays. Winter (1/9-31/5), Sat.-Sun. 14.00-17.00. Closed Mon.-Fri. The museum is closed in December and January. Open on request for groups. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] address: Laugarnestangi 70 openings: Summer Tue.-Sun. 14.00-17.00. tel: (+354) 553 2906 Museum of Medical History (Nesstofa) Edit This History of medicine in Iceland. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] address: Seltjarnarnes openings: Mon.-Fri. 12.00-15.30. tel: (+354) 561 1016 smundur Sveinsson Sculpture Museum (smundarsafn) Edit This Sculptures by the artist. The sculpture garden is always open. Summer (1/6-30/9), daily 10.00-16.00. Winter (1/10-3074), daily 13.00-16.00. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] email: listasafn@reykjavik.is address: Sigtn openings: Summer daily 10.00-16.00. tel: (+354) 553 2155 The National Museum of Iceland (jminjasafni) Edit This website: http://www.natmus.is type: general World66 rating: [rate it] email: natmus@natmus.is address: Suurgata 41 tel: (+354) 552 8888 The Icelandic Maritime Museum (Sjminjasafn slands) Edit This History of seamenship in Iceland. Open: Summer (1/6-31/8), daily 13.00-17.00. Also open on request. Winter (1/9-31/5), Saturdays and Sundays, 13.00-17.00 type: general World66 rating: [rate it] address: Vesturgata 6 tel: (+354) 565 4242 openings: Summer daily 13.00-17. A.S.. Art Gallery (Listasafn A.S.) Edit This Art exhibitions type: general World66 rating: [rate it] email: listasi@centrum.is address: Freyjugata 41 openings: Tue.-Sun. 14.00-18.00. tel: (+354) 551 5353 Telecommunication Museum (Smaminjasafni) Edit This History of Icelandic telecommunication. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] email: safn@simi.is address: Suurgata openings: Tue., Thur., and Sun. 13.00-17.00. Open on request for groups. tel: (+354) 550 6410 Einar Jnsson Sculpture Museum (Listasafn Einars Jnssonar) Edit This Sculptures. Artists' studio and home. Summer (1/6-15/9), Tue.-Sun. 14.00-17.00. Closed Mondays.Winter (16/9-31/5), Sat.-Sun. 14.00-17.00. The Museum is closed in December and January. The gallery sculpture garden is permanently open. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] email: listsafn@islandia.is address: Njarargata openings: Summer Tue.-Sun. 14.00-17.00. tel: (+354) 551 3797 Reykjavik Museum of Photography (Ljsmyndasafn Reykjavkur) Edit This Reykjavk Museum of Photography is the only independent museum of photography in Iceland. The museum is located on the sixth floor of Grfarhs. The Museum's aim is to establish itself as a museum of photography in an international context and to awaken the interest of the public and of experts in photography and photographic culture. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] email: photomuseum@reykjavik.is address: Grfarhs, Tryggvagata 15, 6th floor openings: Exhibitions open - 12-19 weekdays, 13-17 weekends tel: (+354) 563 1790 openingHours: Mon-Fri 10-16 url: photomuseum.is Reykjavk Electricity Museum (Safn Rafmagnsveitu Reykjavkur) Edit This History of Reykjavik's hydroelectric power plant. Summer (15/6-31/8), Tue.-Sun. 13.00-17.00. Closed Mondays. Winter: (1/9-14/6), Sun. 15.00-17.00. Open on request. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] address: Elliardalur url: www.or.is openings: Summer Tue.-Sun. 13.00-17.00. fa: (+354) 553 9006 tel: (+354) 567 9009 Sigurjn lafsson Sculpture Museum (Listasafn Sigurjns lafssonar) Edit This Sculptures. In June, July and August concerts are held on Tuesdays at 20.30. Open: Summer (1/6-31/8), Tue.-Sun. 14.00-17.00. Closed Mondays. Winter (1/9-31/5), Sat.-Sun. 14.00-17.00. Closed Mon.-Fri. The museum is closed in December and January. Open on request for groups. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] address: Laugarnestangi 70 openings: Summer Tue.-Sun. 14.00-17.00. tel: (+354) 553 2906 Maritime and Metalwork Museum (Sjminja-ogvlsmijusafn) Edit This Old tools and machines used at sea. Free admission. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] address: Savogur 4 openings: Tue.-Sat., 13.00-17.00. Also open on request. tel: (+354) 581 4677 Einar Jnsson Sculpture Museum (Listasafn Einars Jnssonar) Edit This Sculptures. Artists' studio and home. Summer (1/6-15/9), Tue.-Sun. 14.00-17.00. Closed Mondays Winter (16/9-31/5), Sat.-Sun. 14.00-17.00. The Museum is closed in December and January type: general World66 rating: [rate it] email: listsafn@islandia.is address: Njarargata openings: Summer Tue.-Sun. 14.00-17.00 tel: (+354) 551 3797 The rni Magnsson Institute (Stofnun rna Magnsson) Edit This Fax: (+354) 525 4035 Manuscripts of the old Icelandic Sagas. Summer (1/6-31/8), daily 13.00-17.00. Winter: (1/9-15/5), Tue. Wed. Thur. Fri. 14.00-16.00. Open on request for groups. Closed: 15/5-31/5. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] email: svanhigu@hi.is address: Suurgata on the University campus openings: Summer (1/6-31/8), daily 13.00-17.00. tel: (+354) 525 4010 Kjarvalsstair, Reykjavk Art Museum Edit This Kjarval paintings and other art exhibitions. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] email: listasafn@reykjavik.is address: Flkagata, Miklatn openings: Summer and winter, daily 10.00-18.00. tel: (+354) 552 6131 adfngjl tjhtynmut Edit This sefyjkyur rtikjkyugerk ewrygfouity oc rwtuerybtuioc euityer erytoweriy rwhy rgfo augftr4oy wery oertyi erygt sdhfg esry veriugfy eirgfy seur soyusgr rhgj yt fytf ytdf7yu iyt f tifzsdfb sergvd ftr f gherthkg ecgfy ysregfv rwey ygdf uygfry egho seorugf neswyrg seyr eryt etrl et ;e . erygt erygfkhsdfy y y hbsrft sdlie fbcude poqwer wethgsertg rt reth et thjywter qwery eryb ewrtyh ertnsert ertu wtry weruth iouwegftr ueghrgf erth erwh erugh eiughxhvu6erb viuwowpobvncvuyr yuer hr. World66 rating: [rate it] zipcode: werth tyj er6 url: tfruk rtyj rtyj trkj address: sdrgfth5 gtrh df eryj tel: r4 gydfjdtg email: etyj etyjv aqwer@sdgfdb _____________Nightlife and Entertainment Edit This Reykjavk's nightlife is spectacular and diverese, catering to every taste and age group. For lovers of the ancient arts of conversation and socializing, there are pubs in abundance downtown. Several pubs and nightsports feature live music, and there's a choice of discos for those who can't sleep unless they've danced the night away. The night is always young at pubs and nightspots in Reykjavk, whatever the time of year. In many downtown establishments, the action goes on until well into the morning. Contributors January 31, 2006 change by giorgio Display all or display just: Cafes Casinos Clubs Clubs and dancing Musicals Show best rated on top | Show in alphabetical order [Add Entertainment place] Slon Edit This Kaffi Slon, on the corner of Bankastrti and Inglfstrti, in the center of capital of Iceland, Reykjavik. It is one of these places that have the wonderful quality of being all in one, bistro, caf, bar, restaurant and club. Making it the perfect place to drop in from the street for a cup of coffee, cold beer or light meal. Excellent prices. Special group menu. There is a wild side to Slon as well. On weekends the place changes completely and turns into a beast of night club with some of Iceland hottest DJs. Solon is open mon-thursday from 11 - 01. and more.. type: Clubs World66 rating: [rate it] Ruby Tuesdays Edit This type: Cafes World66 rating: [rate it] address: Skipholt 19 openings: 11.00-22.00 Sat.-Sun. 11.00-23.00. tel: (+354) 552 2211 Broadway Entertainment Hall Edit This Large nightclub featuring various kinds of shows and performances. Cover charges varies. Dinner and show packages available. Dress code. type: Clubs World66 rating: [rate it] email: broadway@simnet.is address: rmli url: www.broadway.is tel: (+354) 533 1100 Pravda Edit This This place has been hot since it opened in the spring of '03 Breezy decor that is trs cool. type: Casinos World66 rating: [rate it] address: Austurstrti 22 tel: (+354) 552 9222 ClosingTime: always Ari gri Edit This type: Cafes World66 rating: [rate it] address: Inglfsstrti 3 tel: (+354) 551 9660 openings: Sun.-Thur. 11.00-01.00. Fri.-Sat. 11.30-03.00. Spotlight Edit This Gay disco. type: Clubs World66 rating: [rate it] address: Hverfisgata 8-10 tel: (+354) 861 7249 Vegamt Edit This Light and airy decor, innovative cuisine. Good selection of soup and salads and imaginative children's menu. type: Cafes World66 rating: [rate it] address: Vegamtastgur 4 tel: (+354) 511 3040 Club 22 (Veitingahsi 22) Edit This Hip and popular, located on the corner of Klapparstgur. It is also the city's unofficial gay bar, though frequented by punters of all persuations. Dancing. type: Casinos World66 rating: [rate it] address: Laugarvegur 22 tel: (+354) 551 3928 openings: Fri.-Sat. 18.00-03.00. Glsibr Dance House (Danshsi Glsib) Edit This type: Clubs World66 rating: [rate it] address: lfheimar 74 tel: (+354) 568 6220 Leikhskjallarinn Edit This Located on the ground floor of the National Theatre. A perennially popular club which is regularly updated in decor and which often features live music. type: Clubs World66 rating: [rate it] address: Hverfisgata 19 tel: (+354) 551 9636 Astr Edit This This place has been hot since it opened in the spring of '94. Breezy decor that is trs cool. type: Casinos World66 rating: [rate it] address: Austurstrti 22 tel: (+354) 552 9222 Skuggabarinn Edit This Lavishly decorated in the art deco style the hotel is known for. type: Clubs World66 rating: [rate it] tel: (+354) 551 1440 LA Caf Edit This type: Clubs World66 rating: [rate it] address: Laugavegur 45 tel: (+354) 562 6120 Skuggabarinn Edit This Lavishy decorated in the art deco style the hotel is known for. type: Clubs World66 rating: [rate it] tel: (+354) 551 1440 Broadway Entertainment Hall Edit This Large nightclub featuring various kinds of shows or performances. Cover charges varies. Dinner and show packages available. Dress code. type: Musicals World66 rating: [rate it] email: broadway@simnet.is address: rmli url: www.broadway.is tel: (+354) 533 1100 Glsibr Dance House (Danshsi Glsib) Edit This type: Clubs World66 rating: [rate it] address: lfheimar 74 tel: (+354) 568 6220 Leikhskjallarinn Edit This Located on the ground floor of the National Theatre. A perennially popular club which is regularly updated in decor and which often features live music. type: Clubs World66 rating: [rate it] address: Hverfisgata 19 tel: (+354) 551 9636 Club 22 (Veitingahsi 22) Edit This Hip and popular, located on the corner of Klapparstgur. It is also the city's unofficial gay bar, though frequented by punters of all persuasions. Dancing. type: Clubs World66 rating: [rate it] address: Laugarvegur 22 tel: (+354) 551 3928 openings: Sun.-Thur. 12.00-01.00. Fri.-Sat. 18.00-03.00. LA Caf Edit This type: Clubs World66 rating: [rate it] address: Laugavegur 45 tel: (+354) 562 6120 Hard Rock Caf Edit This type: Cafes World66 rating: [rate it] address: Kringlan Shopping Center tel: (+354)568 9888 Caf Lkur Edit This Open: Daily, 11.00-18.00. type: Cafes World66 rating: [rate it] address: Lkjargata 4 tel: (+354) 551 0100 Ozio Edit This A new restaurant and a nightclub. A busy caf during the day with relaxed and laid-back atmosphere. type: Cafes World66 rating: [rate it] address: Lkjargata 6a tel: (+354) 551 8811 Cafe Victor Edit This type: Cafes World66 rating: [rate it] address: Vi Inglfstorg tel: (+354) 561 9555 Gott Gogginn Edit This type: Cafes World66 rating: [rate it] address: Laugarvegur 2 tel: (+354) 552 6160 openings: Mon.-Thur. 10.30-20.00. Fri.-Sat. 10.30-19.00. Sun. closed. Hverfisbarinn Edit This Popular with the "cool and beautiful" people. Has two floors, on the upper one is a chilles out atmosphere where people mostly sit and try to have a conversation in spite of the noise, the lower one has a DJ playing crowdpleasers. type: Clubs and dancing World66 rating: [rate it] url: www.hverfisbarinn.is address: Hverfisgata 20 |
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GNU Free Documentation License Esso utilizza materiale tratto da http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reykjavik Cronologia/Autori: http://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reykjav%C3%ADk&action=history ReykjavkDa Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.
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Reykjavik)
Reykjavik "Slfar" Reykjavk la capitale d'Islanda nonch la pi settentrionale del mondo (latitudine: 64 08' N, non molto distante dal circolo polare artico a 66 33' N). Il suo nome significa in lingua islandese baia fumosa, e deriva probabilmente dalle sorgenti bollenti nei suoi dintorni e si attribuisce ad un equivoco del primo colonizzatore Inglfur Arnarson. Con 115 mila abitanti la maggiore citt islandese e vi abitano circa il 40% di tutti gli abitanti d'Islanda. situata sull'Oceano Atlantico e in particolare nel golfo Faxafli. Vi si trovano le maggiori facolt universitarie del paese, scuole superiori, teatri, musei e istituzioni culturali nonch un porto. Al centro della citt si trova un piccolo lago, il Tjrnin.
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GeografiaReykjavik si trova nella parte sudovest dell'Islanda e in particolare nella parte nordorientale della penisola Reykjanes. Da questa penisola passa la deriva dei continenti che attraversa l'Islanda da sudovest a nordest, cosicch vi sono frequenti terremoti, che solitamente non hanno alcuna conseguenza sulle attivit quotidiane. Assieme ai comuni limitrofi Hafnarfjrur, Bessastaahreppur, Garabr, Kpavogur, Seltjarnarnes e Mosfellsbr forma Hfuborgarsvi, letteralmente zona della capitale che va dai campi lavici Kapelluhraun a sud fino ai confini di Kjalarnes.
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Storia
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Dal 870: I primi colonizzatoriReykjavik venne fondata, secondo il Landnmabk, da Inglfur Arnarson, uno dei primi coloni in Islanda. Narra la legenda che stabil qui la sua residenza secondo un rituale vichingo, che consisteva nel gettare i pali portanti della sua precedente residenza nel mare e vedere dove si arenavano. Scavi archeologici confermano che vichinghi norvegesi e immigranti celtici si sono stabiliti in quest'area nel nono secolo (tracce indicano l'anno 870). Fino al 18-esimo secolo la localit era formata solo da alcune fattorie e aveva un'importanza insignificante.
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Il 18-esimo secoloSkli Magnusson, dal 1749 giudice con sede a Bessastair, considerato oggi il padre della citt in quanto determin la crescita della localit. Insedi le prime industrie cominciando dalla trasformazione della lana, a dispetto dei monopolisti danesi. In seguito ad un cambiamento nella restrittiva politica commerciale e industriale danese seguita alla catastrofe di Laki nel 1783 si insediarono le prime industrie per la trasformazione del pesce e i primi cantieri navali. Nel 1786 la localit di ormai circa 200 abitanti riceve lo status di citt. La denominazione Kaupstaur indica come l'economia fosse legata anzitutto al commercio. Di conseguenza era una delle sei citt che ottenne particolari diritti commerciali in seguito alla parziale sospensione del monopolio commerciale danese. La crescente importanza della citt la si pu desumere anche da altri fatti: alla fine del 18-esimo secolo vennero trasferiti a Reykjavik la sede vescovile e l'importante scuola di latino di Sklholt.
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Il 19-esimo secoloIslandesi che viaggiavano portarono sull'isola l'idea di un'identit nazionale e il desiderio di indipendenza cos diffusi nella met del 19-esimo secolo sull'Europa continentale. Reykjavik divenne il centro intellettuale del Paese cosicch il risorgimento dell'Islanda verso l'indipendenza si accompagna alla crescita della citt.
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Il ventesimo secolo fino ai giorni nostriA poco a poco l'Islanda riusc fino a met del ventesimo secolo a diventare uno stato indipendente: nel 1904 buona parte dell'esecutivo si trasfer a Reykjavk. Dal 1 dicembre 1918 l'Islanda divenne un regno, sottomesso comunque alla corona danese. A questo punto Reykjav divenne ufficialmente la capitale d'Islanda. Nel frattempo cresciuto il numero di abitanti: da 6 mila nel 1901 a 17 mila nel 1920. Negli anni 1920 e '30 la citt prosper grazie alla produzione redditizia dello stoccafisso e dell'export di prodotti ittici in genere (p.es. merluzzo). A questa fase segu una depressione (raccontata nei romanzi del premio Nobel Halldr Laxness). La ripresa venne durante la seconda guerra mondiale (l'isola riforniva di prodotti alimentari del mare gli alleati), con l'occupazione degli inglesi prima e degli americani dopo (periodo raccontato nei romanzi di Einar Krason). Gli americani sostennero la costruzione del grande aeroporto di Keflavk ottenendo in cambio il diritto si stabilire permanentemente nelle sue vicinanze le proprie truppe. Vennero cos a crearsi molti posti di lavoro che gener un migrazione interna dalle campagne verso la capitale (migrazione che perdura tuttora). Il 17 giugno 1944 venne proclamata a ingvellir la Repubblica d'Islanda e Reykjavk divenne capitale del nuovo stato indipendente, con sede del primo ministro, mentre la sede del presidente della repubblica (che ha funzioni rappresentative) si trova Bessastair un sobborgo di Reykjavk. A partire degli anni 1950 si pu parlare di un boom della capitale. La qualit di vita crebbe vistosamente. L'afflusso di popolazione dalle compagna non diminu, e sempre pi industrie si stabilirono nella capitale. Reykjavk divenne famosa al resto del mondo nel 1972 quando si svolse la finale del campionato mondiale di scacchi tra Bobby Fischer e Boris Spasskij e poi grazie al vertice tra i capi di stato statunitense (Ronald Reagan) e sovietico (Michail Gorbaciov). Dagli anni 1990 la citt svolge un ruolo importante nell'ambito dei settori tecnologici, avendo investito nel settore high-tech. Oggigiorno si pu considerare Reykjavk una citt in crescita anche culturlamente. Vi regna un boom edile con numerosi edifici interessanti architettonicamente (anche se esteticamente non sempre indiscussi) che cambiano la fisionomia della citt. Vi pure una scena musicale e artistica vivace. Se agli inizi del ventesimo secolo si fecero un nome internazionale artisti come Einar Jnsson o smundur Sveinsson, oggi sono pi famosi artisti come la cantante pop Bjrk e i gruppi Sigur Rs (Post Rock) e Mm (Nuova Elettronica).
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Lo sviluppo demografico in cifre
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PoliticaIl parlamento Reykjavik sede del presidente della repubbica, del parlamento (Alingishsi) e del governo. Hanno sede pure le ambasciate.
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Economia e trasportiIn Reykjavik si trovano soprattutto imprese di servizi, industrie legate alla pesca o alla alta tecnologia (p.es. ricerca genetica e laboratori biotecnici) La citt servita da strade moderne fino a sei corsie. La strada circuminsulana N.1 passa attraverso i quartieri periferici, passando da est sulla collina Hellisheii proveniente dalla direzione di Selfoss e continuando in direzione nordovest verso Akranes e Borgarnes, passando a fianco del massiccio montuoso Esja. Attualmente (2004) viene portata da due a quattro corsie la statale verso l'aeroporto internazionale a Keflavk. La citt inoltre dotata di un servizio di mezzi pubblici molto efficiente, strutturato con cinque stazioni decentralizzate e una centrale (il BSI) nonch con un aeroporto per le linee interne nei pressi del lago Tjrnin. Viene discussa l'opportunit di passare ad una trazione elettrica (energia ampiamente disponibile e a basso costo) per il trasporto locale. La soluzione ferrotramviaria stata scartata per via dei frequenti terremoti e sembra delinearsi (2004) una decisione a favore dei filobus. Nel frattempo si testa l'alternativa della trazione ad idrogeno.
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Attrazioni turistiche
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La citt vecchiaLa parte vecchia della citt si estende tra il lago Tjrn, il porto e il
sobborgo di Seltjarnarnes. Nella zona del porto sono presenti numerosi
negozi per turisti dove si possono trovare, souvenir, indumenti di lana e
ceramiche. Nel porto sono spesso presenti velieri, che danno un tocco di
colore alla zona. Vicino al porto si trova l'Hafnarhsi, un museo che
espone opere d'arte moderna. Una delle sei sale ospita in permanente opere di
Err, mentre nelle altre si potranno ammirare mostre temporanee di artisti
nazionali ed esteri. Al centro della citt vecchia, si trova l'Austurvllur,
antica piazza cittadina, oggi trasformata in parco erboso. Nella piazza si
trova la statua di
Jn Sigursson. A sud della piazza si torva la Dmkirkja, costruita
da re
Cristiano VII di Danimarca nel
1796, pu essere
visitata nei giorni feriali. L'edificio, che si trova in Kjrkjustrti, in
pietra e la struttura originale ha subito notevoli modifiche. Vicino alla
chiesa si trova l'Aling,
la sede del Parlamento. Tutte le attivit del Parlamento possono essere
seguite via
internet. Interessante anche il lago Tjrn (lo stagno), che
ospita oltre 40 specie di uccelli. Nella parte pi meridionale c' un parco,
con una fontana, aiuole di fiori e l'Hljmsklin, un
gazebo
ottagonale costruito nel
1922.
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La citt modernaLa chiesa Hallgrmskirkja La parte pi moderna di Reykjavk si estende sulle colline a est, fino a
superare il torrente
Elliar.
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LaugardalurNei pressi dello Stadio Laugardalur, si trova il
Museo smundur Sveinsson. Il museo dedicato allo scultore, la cui
opera in gran parte ispirata dalle saghe e dal folclore nazionale. Due isolati a nord del laugardalur, si trova il Museo Sigurjn lafsson dedicato allo scultore e ritrattista, con una mostra permanente delle sua opere.
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La zona dell'aeroporto Reykjavk CityPerlan L'area a sud del centro storico, ospita l'aeroporto Reykjavk City. Oggi
utilizzato solo per le linee interne e da aerei privati, ma qui si trova il
terminal e la stazione degli autobus per l'aeroporto internazionale.
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Oltre il fiume ElliarIl fiume
Elliar scorre nella parte pi orientale della capitale, a circa 45
minuti di cammino dal centro. il fiume dei
salmoni,
che in aprile
possono essere visti risalire la corrente per andare a deporre le proprie
uova.
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Altri musei e luoghi interessanti
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CuriositVi nata il 21 novembre 1965 Bjrk Gudmundsdottir, cantante islandese di fama mondiale.
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Voci correlate
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Collegamenti esterni
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