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| Yemen Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see photo_2 Yemen is located in the south-west corner of the Arabian Peninsula. It borders on Saudi Arabia and Oman in the north and has the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean as . Yemen used to be known as Arabia Felix, the happy Arabia, because of its richness, but nowadays it is the second poorest country in the Arabic world (only Mauritania has a lower per capita GDP. Yemen is one of the most beautiful countries in the world. You will feel like you jumped back in time, some good thousand years. Men and women still wear traditional garb, the houses look like pictures from your children's Bible (or Koran). Sanaa the capital is great and is probably your point of entry. The old city is on the world heritage list of UNESCO. Marib is another must see. The Great Marib Dam is a very impressive structure and shows how developed early Yemenite civilizations were. Shibam is dubbed the Manhattan of the desert and is far away but very pretty. You are sure never to forget a trip to Yemen. Either you enjoy the fantastic ancient architecture, have a great time in the beautiful mountains and appreciate the desert landscapes. ---- New content, to be integrated with the actual one. If you wanna help :-) ---- General Information on Yemen Background: Arabia Felix in Latin and Arabia Eudemon in Greek, this what Yemen was so-called in the ancient world. Both names mean “ Arabia the Blessed”. This because of its fertile land that grew endemic cereals, fruit, resin, spices and aromatic trees that produced fragrant substances such as, frankincense and myrrh which were used in the ritual ceremonies in Temples. In Yemen , great civilizations were erected. The most famed civilization was Saba or Sheba . The Sabaeans established Dams to irrigate their lands and they constructed the greatest Dam in the ancient world, Marib Dam (about 610 BC), its remains have been still so far. The kingdom of Sheba flourished and became wealthy owing to its monopoly to the trade routes between ancient East and West Civilizations. One of the Sabaean Rulers was the Queen Bilquis (the Queen of Sheba) who was very renowned when she undertook a journey to meet the Prophet Solomon. The Story of this Queen mentioned in the Holly Qura’an and the Bible, too. She established her capital in Marib (about 2500 yeas ago). Many remains of the Queen’s Throne, Temples have remained so far. So Marib is considered one of the most significant archeological sites in Yemen . In the 17 th century, Yemen had well known reputation in Europe for trading Yemeni coffee, which was considered the finest coffee.. The Red Sea Mokha port (some of the famous coffee shops bear the name of Mokha in Europe ) had become one of the busiest ports of its day. Some of the European merchant transported Yemeni coffee plants to several regions in the world such as Indonesia , Brazil and Jamaica . Yemen Today: Formal Name: Republic of Yemen 1. Yemen , officially the Republic of Yemen , re-unified on 22nd of May1990 (one of the most important Yemeni National Days). Before the unification, Yemen had been divided into two parts, North Yemen and South Yemen . The Republic of Yemen is a democratic country. The people of Yemen are the possessors and the source of legitimacy and power, which they execute directly through referendum and elections. It is a constitutional State; its governmental system is founded on the basis of the pluralism with three powers, judicial, legislative and executive. 4. Ethnic Origin : The majority is Arabic origins with a minority from Africa, India , and Europe 5. Capital City : Sana’a 6. Main Cities : Sana’a, Aden (the main harbor and the free zone), Taiz, Hodaidah, Mukala. 7. Main Travel Ways to and from Country, by air, sea and land: By land through the northern Yemeni Saudi borders, and the eastern Yemeni Omani borders, by sea, through Hodaidah Harbor at the Red Sea, and Aden Harbor at the Arab Sea, by air via Yemenia Airways and other international airways. 8. Main tourist Travel and Transportation of Country, By land, air and sea: by land there are many travel agencies, public modern transportation buses, by air via Yemenia Airways, by sea via tourist yachts and ships . 9. Tourism Foundations and Establishments: - Tourism Ministry and Establishments: Ministry of Culture and Tourism, General Authority for Tourism Development, and Yemen Tourism Promotion Board. - Tourist Foundations and Agencies: Please see the Web Site www.yementourism.com - Airways: Yemenia Airways, and many other international airways. - Hotels: Please see the above-mentioned web site. - Restaurants: Please see the above mentioned web site - Parks and Playgrounds: There are three major parks in Sana’a city: Al Thoura, and Al Sabbeen Parks, and the Zoo. There is a park in Taiz city and a park in Aden city in addition there are many wonderful sightseeings in many places and regions throughout Yemen . There are two major football stadiums: one in Sana’a city and another in Aden (modern one) further, there are many playgrounds existed in different Yemeni cities. 10. Cultural Foundations - Ministry of Culture and its Establishments: Ministry of Culture and Tourism, general Authority for Tourism Development, Tourism Promotion Board, General Authority for Antiquity and Manuscripts and Museums, General Authority for Conserving Ancient Cities, and The Cultural Center (includes the main theater stage in Sana’a). - Universities: There are 7 public universities, the major universities are: Sana’a University, Aden University , Taiz University , Hodaidah University , Hadramout University Location: The Republic of Yemen is located in the southern west corner of the Arabian Peninsula, in the southern west part of Asia . Saudi Arabia borders it in the north, Arab Sea and the Indian Ocean in the south, Sultanate Oman from east, and Red Sea from west. Its area is stretched between Latitude 12-19 degrees north of the Equator, and Longitude 41-54 East of Greenwich. Area: The total area o f Yemen is approximately 555,000 km 2 , excluding Al Rub al-Khali (The Empty Quarter Desert). Population: The population of Yemen is approximately 19,700,000. (Central Statistic Organ. Aug., 2003) Language: Arabic is the official language and English language is the second language. Religion: Islam is the official religion. There is a Jewish minority, too. Time zone: G.M.T.+3hrs. Currency: Yemeni RHistory Edit This Sheba's Ruins (Marib) Sheba's Ruins (Marib) Tourist in Yemen Yemen is one of the oldest centers of civilization in the Near East. Between the 12th century BC and the 6th century AD it was part of the Minaean Sabaean and Himyarite kingdoms which controlled the lucrative spice trade and later came under Ethiopian and Persian rule. In the 7th century Islamic caliphs began to exert control over the area. After this broke up the former north Yemen came under control of Imams of various dynasties usually of the Zaidi sect who established a theocratic political structure that survived until modern times. (Imam is a religious term. The Shiites apply it to the prophet Muhammad's son-in-law Ali his sons Hasan and Hussein and subsequent lineal descendants whom they consider to have been divinely ordained unclassified successors of the prophet.) Egyptian Sunni caliphs occupied much of north Yemen throughout the 11th century. By the 16th century and again in the 19th century north Yemen was part of the Ottoman empire and in some periods its Imams exerted suzerainty over south turkey Former North Yemen Ottoman government control was largely confined to cities with the Imam's suzerainty over tribal areas formally recognized. Turkish forces withdrew in 1918 and Imam Yahya strengthened his control over north Yemen. Yemen became a member of the Arab league in 1945 and the United Nations in 1947. Imam Yahya died during an unsuccessful coup attempt in 1948 and was succeeded by his son Ahmad who ruled until his death in September 1962. Imam Ahmad's reign was marked by growing repression renewed friction with the United Kingdom over the British presence in the south and growing pressures to support the Arab nationalist objectives of Egyptian President Qamal Abdul Nasser. Shortly after assuming power in 1962 Ahmad's son Badr was deposed by revolutionary forces which took control of Sanaa and created the Yemen Arab Republic (YAR). Egypt assisted the YAR with troops and supplies to combat forces loyal to the Imamate. Saudi Arabia and Jordan supported Badr's royalist forces to oppose the newly formed republic. Conflict continued periodically until 1967 when Egyptian troops were withdrawn. By 1968 following a final royalist siege of Sanaa most of the opposing leaders reached a reconciliation; Saudi Arabia recognized the Republic in 1970. Former South Yemen British influence increased in the south and eastern portion of Yemen after the British captured the port of Aden in 1839. It was ruled as part of British India until 1937 when Aden was made a crown colony with the remaining land designated as east Aden and west Aden protectorates. By 1965 most of the tribal states within the protectorates and the Aden colony proper had joined to form the British-sponsored federation of south Arabia. In 1965 two rival nationalist groups--the Front for the Liberation of Occupied South Yemen (FLOSY) and the National Liberation Front (NLF)--turned to terrorism in their struggle to control the country. In 1967 in the face of uncontrollable violence British troops began withdrawing federation rule collapsed and NLF elements took control after eliminating their FLOSY rivals. South Arabia including Aden was declared independent on November 30 1967 and was renamed the People's Republic of South Yemen. In June 1969 a radical wing of the Marxist NLF gained power and changed the country's name on December 1 1970 to the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY). In the PDRY all political parties were amalgamated into the Yemeni Socialist Party (YSP) which became the only legal party. The PDRY established close ties with the Soviet Union China Cuba and radical Palestinians. Republic of Yemen In 1972 the governments of the PDRY and the YAR declared that they approved a future union. However little progress was made toward unification and relations were often strained. In 1979 simmering tensions led to fighting which was only resolved after Arab League mediation. The goal of unity was reaffirmed by the northern and southern heads of state during a summit meeting in Kuwait in March 1979. However that same year the PDRY began sponsoring an insurgency against the YAR. In April 1980 PDRY President Abdul Fattah Ismail resigned and went into exile. His successor Ali Nasir Muhammad took a less interventionist stance toward both the YAR and neighboring Oman. On January 13 1986 a violent struggle began in Aden between Ali Nasir Muhammad and the returned Abdul Fattah Ismail and their supporters. Fighting lasted for more than a month and resulted in thousands of casualties Ali Nasir's ouster and Ismail's death. Some 60 000 persons including Ali Nasir and his supporters fled to the YAR. In May 1988 the YAR and PDRY governments came to an understanding that considerably reduced tensions including agreement to renew discussions concerning unification to establish a joint oil exploration area along their undefined border to demilitarize the border and to allow Yemenis unrestricted border passage on the basis of only a national identification card. In November 1989 the leaders of the YAR (Ali Abdallah Salih) and the PDRY (Ali Salim Al-Bidh) agreed on a draft unity constitution originally drawn up in 1981. The Republic of Yemen (ROY) was declared on May 22 1990. Ali Abdallah Salih became President and Ali Salim Al-Bidh became Vice President. A 30-month transitional period for completing the unification of the two political and economic systems was set. A presidential council was jointly elected by the 26-member YAR advisory council and the 17-member PDRY presidium. The presidential council appointed a Prime Minister who formed a Cabinet. There was also a 301-seat provisional unified Parliament consisting of 159 members from the north 111 members from the south and 31 independent "at-large" members appointed by the chairman of the council. A unity constitution was agreed upon in May 1990 and ratified by the populace in May 1991. It affirmed Yemen's commitment to free elections a multi-party political system the right to own private property equality under the law and respect of basic human rights. Parliamentary elections were held on April 27 1993. International groups assisted in the organization of the elections and observed actual balloting. The resulting Parliament included 143 GPC 69 YSP 63 Islaah (Yemeni grouping for reform a party composed of various tribal and religious groups) 6 Baathis 3 Nasserists 2 Al Haq and 15 independents. The head of Islaah Paramount Hashid Sheik Abdallah Bin Husayn Al-Ahmar is the speaker of Parliament. Islaah was invited into the ruling coalition and the presidential council was altered to include one Islaah member. Conflicts within the coalition resulted in the self-imposed exile of Vice President Ali Salim Al-Bidh to Aden beginning in August 1993 and a deterioration in the general security situation as political rivals settled scores and tribal elements took advantage of the unsettled situation. Haydar Abu Bakr Al-Attas (former southern Prime Minister) continued to serve as the ROY Prime Minister but his government was ineffective due to political infighting. Continuous negotiations between northern and southern leaders resulted in the signing of the document of pledge and accord in Amman Jordan on February 20 1994. Despite this clashes intensified until civil war broke out in early May ail (YR), visitors can exchange currencies in exchange establishments spread all around Yemeni cities. 1$=184.50 YR(April,2004) __________Economy Edit This Economy—overview: The northern city Sanaa is the political capital of a united Yemen and the southern city Aden with its refinery and port facilities is the economic and commercial capital. Future economic development depends heavily on the attraction of foreign investment to diversify the economy. Former South Yemen's willingness to merge stemmed partly from the sharp decline in Soviet economic support. The low level of domestic industry and agriculture has made northern Yemen dependent on imports for practically all of its essential needs. Once self-sufficient in food production northern Yemen has become a major importer. Land once used for export crops—cotton fruit and vegetables - has been turned over to growing a shrub called qat whose leaves are chewed for their stimulant effect by Yemenis and which has no significant export market. Economic growth in former South Yemen has been constrained by a lack of incentives partly stemming from centralized control over production decisions investment allocation and import choices. Yemen's GDP has been supplemented by remittances from Yemenis working abroad and by foreign aid. Since the Gulf crisis however remittances have dropped substantially. Floods in June 1996 caused the loss of much valuable topsoil in the agricultural sector increasing the need for imports of foodstuffs. Oil production and GDP as a whole are expected to increase moderately in 1998. GDP: purchasing power parity—$31.8 billion (1997 est.) GDP—real growth rate: 5% (1997 est.) GDP—per capita: purchasing power parity—$2 300 (1997 est.) GDP—composition by sector: agriculture: 15% industry: 39% services: 46% (1995) Inflation rate—consumer price index: 5% (1997 est.) Labor force: no reliable estimates exist most people are employed in agriculture and herding or as expatriate laborers; services construction industry and commerce account for less than one-half of the labor force Unemployment rate: 30% (1995 est.) Budget: revenues: $2.6 billion expenditures: $2.7 billion including capital expenditures of $1.1 billion (1998 est.) Industries: crude oil production and petroleum refining; small-scale production of cotton textiles and leather goods; food processing; handicrafts; small aluminum products factory; cement Industrial production growth rate: NA% Electricity—capacity: 810 000 kW (1995) Electricity—production: 1.85 billion kWh (1995) Electricity—consumption per capita: 126 kWh (1995) Agriculture—products: grain fruits vegetables qat (mildly narcotic shrub) coffee cotton; dairy products poultry meat; fish Exports: total value: $2.3 billion (f.o.b. 1997 est.) commodities: crude oil cotton coffee dried and salted fish partners: China 23% South Korea 19% Thailand 14% Brazil 13% Japan 12% Thailand 7% (1995) Imports: total value: $2.3 billion (f.o.b. 1997 est.) commodities: textiles and other manufactured consumer goods petroleum products foodstuffs cement machinery chemicals partners: US 12% France 11% UAE 10% Saudi Arabia 7% UK 5% (1995) Debt—external: $8 billion (1996) Economic aid: recipient: ODA $148 million (1993) Currency: Yemeni rial (YRl) (new currency) Exchange rates: Yemeni rials (YRl) per US$1—129.158 (1997) 94.157 (1996) 40.839 (1995) 12.010 (official fixed rate 1991-94) Fiscal year: calendar year ___________Tours and Excursions Edit This From Sanaa, it is possible to rent a car with the driver for one or several days. You have just to feed him and pay him of course. It is quite cheap and he will show you exactly what to see and will arrange everything like eating, shopping, photos, police controls etc... It is not that easy, you need a travel permit and for some areas the traveler can go only by a Yemeni tour-operator. Better to book in advance with an official company there. Pay more and you are safe and secure. Myself had a good experience with Yemen Explorer Tours - a special interest tour-operator who have 70% individual groups. Always online and helpful. Norman Shawn, 11 Nov 2007 ___________People Edit This Jewish Child Jewish Child Tourist in Yemen Population: 16 387 963 (July 1998 est.) note: other estimates range as high as 16.6 million Age structure: 0-14 years: 48% (male 4 016 052; female 3 859 079) 15-64 years: 49% (male 4 066 601; female 3 902 686) 65 years and over: 3% (male 280 152; female 263 393) (July 1998 est.) Population growth rate: 3.31% (1998 est.) Birth rate: 43.36 births/1 000 population (1998 est.) Death rate: 10.27 deaths/1 000 population (1998 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1 000 population (1998 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.06 male(s)/female (1998 est.) Infant mortality rate: 72.2 deaths/1 000 live births (1998 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 59.47 years male: 57.71 years female: 61.32 years (1998 est.) Total fertility rate: 7.14 children born/woman (1998 est.) Nationality: noun: Yemeni(s) adjective: Yemeni Ethnic groups: predominantly Arab; Afro-Arab concentrations in western coastal locations; South Asians in southern regions; small European communities in major metropolitan areas Religions: Muslim including Shaf'i (Sunni) and Zaydi (Shi'a) small numbers of Jewish Christian and Hindu Languages: Arabic Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 38% male: 53% female: 26% (1990 est.) :::::::::::Aden Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Port of Aden Port of Aden Aden is the old capital of south Yemen. It is still one of the most modern cities in the world, it is a busy port and more open to external influences than the rest of the country. The oldest part of the city is known as the Crater, since it lies in the crater of an extinct volcano. Here you find most of the old buildings in Aden. An interesting site is the Aden Tanks, man-made reservoirs, partly cut out of the rock, with a storage capacity of 50 million litres. When it rains, the upper basins fill up first and then overflow into the lower basins. To see the traditional boats head to the Maallah district. For beaches head south of Aden, to a town called Little Aden, also located in the crater of an extinct volcano; this is an area of small fishing villages in sheltered bays, with several superb beaches fringing the Indian Ocean. Main districts: - Cratar - Khormaxar - Little Aden - Gold Mohur - Sheikh Othman - Maallah - Mansoora - Tawahi :::::::::Baraqish Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Baraqish is an old city close to Marib it can be seen as a daytrip from there. Baraqish is located in the semi-arid area on the road to Hazm Al-Jawf, 125km, 125km from Sanaa. Baraqish stands on top of a lofty hill with a magnificent castle sealed off by a highly fortified wall, as high as 8 meters in some places, are in good condition. The wall has 57 towers and tow gates, one in the east and one in the western part of the wall. The most striking feature of the city is the ruins of the temple, located in the southern part of the city. The temple reflects the dominant from of architecture used by the Ma’eenis and consists of 16 columns and beams. Archeologists believe that this was the Athter Temple, the Morning Star or Venus, Goddess of love. There is anther temple in the center of the city but only 4 columns can be seen. Many inscriptions can be found on the city wall’s faced. The city was inhabited unit the 1960s. There are further historical sites dating back to the Ma’een dynasty in Majzer district not far from Baraqish: to the west Ahqaf and Duroub Al-Sabi and, to the east, the site of Kharbat Al-Lisan. From a point on the northern side of Balaq Mountain, overlooking Wadi Dhanah, one can see the two gates of the Great Dam, the lake of the new dam and the ruins of the old canals. Far a way, one can see the Dhanah Valley Delta or Valley of Sheba’, historically Known as the Land of two Heavens’. The road stretches to the Balaq mountain passing by the northern gate of the Great Dam. ::::::::::Hadramawt Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Hadramawt is a mountainous region home to nomadic tribes. This vast and scenic area stretches 350 mi/565 km from the Arabian Sea to the Saudi border. The area may be far away and hard to get to, but it has some stunning scenery and one of the most fantastic sights in the world: Shibam ::::::::::Jibla Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see The Town of Jibla , which is situated 8 km southwest of the City of Ibb and at an elevation of 2,400 meters above sea level, is a well – known tourist town. In the past, it used to be called the City of Nahrain (or of the Two Rivers, because it lies between two rivers. The Sulaihi King Abdullah Ibn Ali Al-Sulaihi expanded it in the Year 458 AH and he gave it its present name and made it the capital of the Sulaihi Kingdom , which was successfully able to unite all of Yemen under one state. The Town of Jiblah saw its prosperity during the reign of Queen Arwa Bint Ahmed Bin Mohammed Al-Sulaihi (1067 – 1138 AD), who is the second queen to rule Yemen after Queen Bilquis, who was reputably known as the Queen of Sheba, who ruled Yemen in biblical times (King Solomon's time). Queen Arwa was highly intellectual, cultured and wise in the running of the affairs of her state, and was also very much loved by her subjects. She left a lot of remains and important cultural achievements in several regions, including the construction of the Jibla Mosque and paving the city streets with stones and qadhadh, the local traditional cement material. The city includes the Palace of Dar Al- 'Izz (the House of Greatness or Nobility), which is situated in the area called Hafat Al-Dar or the (Rim of the House). The architectural style of the city is similar to that of the Old City of Ibb, and Jibla is surrounded by natural landscape beauty. It appears from a distance to be like a pyramid, inside of which are inlaid the homes and mosque minarets, all of which are surrounded by the mountain farm terraces and hills that are clad in a beautiful green covering throughout the year. The town became famous as a scholastic and intellectual center for many centuries. One of the famous schools of Jibla is still functioning as one of the auxiliaries of the Queen Arwa Mosque. The mosque also contains the Tomb of Queen Arwa. ::::::::::Marib Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see history history pic Marib is located in the east of Yemen. High mountains, beautiful valleys, plains and desert are all nearby. The most important valley in Marib is Wadi Dhanah or Shebe Valley’, in the banks of which flourished the Sabean dynasty, the foundation of Yemeni history. Marib is the most famous ancient city in Yemen. The old city of Marib lies in the Sabean plains on the outskirts of the east Yemen desert Mafazet Saihad’. It’s strategic position lends itself to its important role in history, as it controlled the ancient incense routs. It was a meeting point for caravans coming from the Qana port on the Arabian Sea coast, crossing the Wadi Hadhramout. Close to the city are many attractions, the most famopus being the Great Marib Dam. All of these can easily be seen as daytrips from the city. :::::::::Sanaa Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see photo Sana’a, the capital of Yemen is spectacularly beautiful. It's a fascinating city with unique architecture. It seems as if you were back in the middle ages in some tale of Arabian Nights. The way people dress and the way the buildings look has not changed the last thousand years. even new-Sana looks and feels old. The city is set in a pretty valley highlighted by rugged mountains. The houses of old Sana’a are known as ’tower houses’ with some reaching eight storeys. In old Sana’a there are more than 14,000 of such houses. From the middle of old Sana’a cow market (Soq al-bakar), one can walk 500m in any direction without coming across new buildings. The ground and first floors of the old city houses are built of stone with the upper floors being built of mud. The floors are separated from one another with a strip of the same building material. The rooms are lit with marble arched stained-glass windows. The exterior walls are decorated with ornaments coated with lime in an up- Dated architectural style and similar materials. The ground floors are used as stores, while the large first floors are used for entertaining. There are also rooms allocated for women and children. The Mafraj is the male domain, located at the top of the house, and is a rectangular room with broad windows allowing good sight of the surrounding. It is the most decorated and beautiful room in the house. A new quarter was added to Sana’a in the 14-th century called Quarter of Beer al-Azab, which was populated by the senior officials. This quarter was distinct in its architectural style differing from that of Old Sana’a with regard to orchards and fountains. In the middle of the 16th century, Sana’a again expanded by adding the ”Qa’a Al-Yahud”, The Jewish Quarter”. Old Sana’a was encircled by rampart (Sor) dating back to the first century but it grew with the expansion of the city to include the new quarters. The rampart was in the shape of an 8, and used to have six gates, four of which were used for the old city. These gates were closed each night at 8.00 o’clock and were opened before the dawn prayer at 4.00 am. Today only the southern gate (Bab Al-Yemen) has survived. Many parts of the rampart together with its towers have collapsed but still some parts exist. Particularly the eastern and the southern part adjacent to Bab Al-Yemen.? :::::::::::Shibam Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see photo Shibam in the Hadramawt is know as Manhattan of the Desert. Rising up from the desert sands, you see hunderds of 6 storey buildings. Well, Manhattan is a bit higher, but then again it wasn't built 1000 years ago. Walk the streets stroll through the nearby palm groves and gaze out at the sand dunes. The main attraction is the Friday Mosque (from the 10th century). If time permits drive a few hours to see the rocky town of Hajarayn ::::::::::Socotra Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Dragon Blood Tree, an endemic plant in Socotra Dragon Blood Tree, an endemic plant in Socotra Socotran Conservation Socoety Socotra Island is really the Galapagos of the Indian Ocean ( Arabian Sea ). It is the last refuge of the -almost instinct, a remote Yemeni island off the horn of Africa . It is the biggest Yemeni island and its area is about 3650 Km2. It is located to the east Gulf of Aden and it is about 880 Km off Aden city (The Free Zone). The nearest point in the main land to Socotra is Ras Fartak in Almahara Governorate which is about 380 Km. The island is home to many rare species of plants, insects, animals, and birds, which live there, almost undisturbed. It is necessary to safeguard this rare biodiversity in the island and its marine surrounding against the sort of development that has destroyed almost every comparable island in the world. The island had remained in isolation and off-limits to visitors till president Ali Abdullah Salih opened the island's first tarmac airstrip in 1999. Before that, it used to be accessible only by small turbo-prop planes and only outside the monsoon season. Now, Yemenia two weekly flights by jetliners, one from Aden and one from Sana’a give an opportunity to tourists to visit the island. Geologically no one knows exactly, when but some millions of years ago Socotra split away from the mainland, Arabia and Africa . It has since evolved in perfect isolation. There are more than 900 plant species in the island and a third of them exist no where else in the world. A trip into the Higher Mountains reveals a bizarre landscape dotted by Dragon's Blood Trees (the Two Brothers blood Trees), shaped like inside-out umbrella. There are about 150 kinds of birds live in the island and six kinds are indigenous and three kinds are globally subjected to extinction. Historically, the island has been renowned as one of the main producers of Frankincense, Myrrh and Laudanum!! of the best quality. Such commodities were used in temples during the religious rites in the ancient times. Also remedies have been extracted from the island's plants, such as "Cinnabar" (a red substance produces by the Two Brothers Blood Trees) and Taif or Aloe Perry extract. However, this unique biodiversity in the island and its marine surroundings enriching with precious fish-wealth, coral reefs and other marine lives has become threatened by predators who sniffing their preys of such rare plants, animals, and birds. Also the gross exploitation of the fish wealth exposes it to loss. Therefore, the island must be protected carefully. The Socotran citizens, the authorities in charge, the environmentalists and the nature conservationists should cooperate in order to vigilantly protect this incomparable natural museum against any damages. ::::::::::Thola Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Located 54 km north west Sana’a, one of the most important historic cities, named Thola after Tola bin Lobakha bin Iqian bin Himiar Al-Asghar. Thola is set at 2400 meter above sea level. Sights include high palaces and modern buildings, markets, many mosques as Al-Motahir Bin Imam Sharafidin mosque, who died on 980 Hejra, It is located on a mountain which contain the unconquerable castle and many large caves and grain reservoirs, water pools and Himiaric antiquities. ::::::::: Climate: The climate in Yemen is various and depends on the different altitude of the regions. In the mountains, it can be cool (at night & early morning, otherwise warm days) and moderate on the coast of Indian Ocean and the Red Sea in winter. In summer, it is fresh and moderate in the mountains and can be hot but bearable on the coasts and the deserts. Yemen ’s climate could be classified under three climate zones: Tihaman (stretched along the Red Sea ), the south coastal strip- the hot and humid coastal strip. In winter, the climate in the coastal area is relatively moderate. Occasional rains in summer are caused by the monsoon coming from high temperatures in the coastal area during summer. The weather in the mountain areas is moderate in summer and relatively cold in winter. During winter, it becomes especially cold at night and in the early morning with pleasant sunny days. Author : Kimo, Abdullah Kamil , Khaldoon and Abdulsalam Qasim |
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Lo Yemen, unico regime repubblicano della Penisola araba, è uno Stato posto alla estremità meridionale del suddetto corpo peninsulare del Medio Oriente ed è chiamato ufficialmente Repubblica Unita dello Yemen. Confina a nord con l'Arabia Saudita e a est con l'Oman. Le sue coste sono bagnate a ovest dal Mar Rosso e a sud dal Golfo di Aden (Oceano Indiano). La repubblica dello Yemen, oltre al territorio continentale, comprende l'arcipelago di Socotra, composto da quattro isole di cui l'isola di Socotra nell'Oceano Indiano, e gli arcipelaghi di Perim e Kameran nel Mar Rosso.
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Storia
Fino almeno dal secondo millennio a.C. nella regione si sono insediate popolazioni che hanno sfruttato le particolari caratteristiche orogenetiche del territorio. Ricco di alture e di corsi d'acqua a carattere perenne, lo Yemen (dalla radice linguistica semitica <y-m-n>, lett. "destro" o "meridionale") ospita un tipo di vegetazione che produce sostanze particolarmente appetite dalle culture circostanti, che in Greci chiamavano aromata e che, sinteticamente, possiamo riferire essenzialmente all'incenso. La capacità di influire idrograficamente sul territorio ha permesso, fin dalle epoche più antiche, ai Sabei che colonizzarono il paese di mettere a frutto la fertilità del suolo, tanto da legittimare il detto beduino secondo cui lo Yemen è un posto in cui non sono necessarie le provviste perché la natura dà tutto. Prima del 1990 lo Yemen era in realtà comprensivo di due Stati confinanti: la Repubblica Araba dello Yemen e la Repubblica Democratica Popolare dello Yemen, poi unificatisi.
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Collegamenti esterni
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